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\author{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (soviet-republics-declaring-independence.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (RainyMoons (RainyMoons))
  /Subject (Soviet Republics Declaring Independence Cheat Sheet)
}

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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Soviet Republics Declaring Independence Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/153402/cs/44173/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}RainyMoons (RainyMoons) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/rainymoons} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 20th August, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Overview}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Background:}} The Soviet Union was a federal socialist state composed of multiple republics, dominated by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR).} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Collapse of the USSR:}} A series of political, economic, and social pressures in the late 1980s led to the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Causes of Independence Movements}}  \tn
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{\bf{Gorbachev's Reforms}} & {\bf{Perestroika (Restructuring):}} Economic reforms aimed at decentralizing the economy, leading to increased autonomy for republics. \tn 
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% Row 1
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 & {\bf{Glasnost (Openness):}} A policy promoting transparency and freedom of expression, which allowed suppressed nationalist sentiments to resurface. \tn 
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% Row 2
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 & {\bf{Democratization:}} Introduction of competitive elections, which gave rise to nationalist and independence movements in various republics. \tn 
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% Row 3
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{\bf{Economic Decline}} & {\bf{Economic Stagnation:}} The Soviet economy was in decline, leading to shortages, inefficiency, and widespread dissatisfaction. \tn 
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% Row 4
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 & {\bf{Increased National Debt:}} Attempts to reform the economy exacerbated the financial crisis, weakening the central government's control. \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 7)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Causes of Independence Movements (cont)}}  \tn
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{\bf{Nationalism and Ethnic Tensions}} & {\bf{Revival of National Identities:}} Historical grievances and national pride fueled desires for independence, especially in the Baltic States, Caucasus, and Central Asia. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Ethnic Conflicts:}} Disputes between ethnic groups within and between republics intensified, further destabilizing the region. \tn 
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{\bf{Role of International Pressure}} & {\bf{End of the Cold War:}} Reduced external support for maintaining the Soviet system. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Western Influence:}} Encouragement from Western countries for the independence movements, especially in the Baltic states. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Path to Independence}}  \tn
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{\bf{Baltic States Lead the Way}} & {\bf{Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania:}} These republics were the first to declare independence, driven by strong national movements and historical grievances against Soviet occupation. \tn 
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% Row 1
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{\bf{The Role of the Russian Federation}} & {\bf{Boris Yeltsin:}} The Russian leader's push for greater sovereignty from the Soviet Union weakened the central authority, setting a precedent for other republics. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Russian Declaration of Sovereignty:}} On June 12, 1990, Russia declared sovereignty, undermining the USSR's unity. \tn 
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{\bf{Other Republics Follow}} & {\bf{Caucasus:}} Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan declared independence amidst regional conflicts and ethnic tensions. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Path to Independence (cont)}}  \tn
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 & {\bf{Central Asia:}} Republics like Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan initially hesitated but eventually declared independence as the USSR unraveled. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Eastern Europe and Moldova:}} Ukraine and Belarus played pivotal roles, with Ukraine's independence vote being particularly decisive. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Final Collapse of the Soviet Union}}  \tn
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{\bf{Failed August Coup (1991)}} & {\bf{Hardliners' Attempt:}} A failed coup by hardline communists to restore the Soviet order accelerated the disintegration process. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Public and International Reaction:}} The coup's failure discredited the Soviet government and emboldened independence movements. \tn 
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{\bf{Belavezha Accords (December 1991)}} & {\bf{Agreement:}} Leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus met in Belarus and signed an agreement effectively dissolving the Soviet Union. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Formation of the CIS:}} The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was created as a loose association of former Soviet republics. \tn 
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{\bf{Official Dissolution (December 25, 1991)}} & {\bf{Gorbachev's Resignation:}} Mikhail Gorbachev resigned as President of the Soviet Union, marking the official end of the USSR. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Final Collapse of the Soviet Union (cont)}}  \tn
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 & {\bf{End of the Cold War:}} The dissolution of the Soviet Union marked the end of the Cold War era, reshaping global geopolitics. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Aftermath and Legacy}}  \tn
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{\bf{Formation of New States}} & {\bf{Post-Soviet States:}} 15 independent republics emerged, each facing challenges related to nation-building, economic transition, and governance. \tn 
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{\bf{Economic and Political Transition}} & {\bf{Market Reforms:}} Most former Soviet republics transitioned from centrally planned economies to market economies, with varying degrees of success. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Political Instability:}} Many newly independent states faced political instability, conflicts, and struggles to establish democratic institutions. \tn 
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{\bf{Ongoing Regional Conflicts}} & {\bf{Ethnic and Territorial Disputes:}} Conflicts persisted in regions like Nagorno-Karabakh, Transnistria, and Chechnya, highlighting the legacy of Soviet-era boundaries. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 9)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Aftermath and Legacy (cont)}}  \tn
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 & {\bf{Influence of Russia:}} Russia continued to exert influence over the former Soviet republics, leading to tensions in regions like Ukraine and Georgia. \tn 
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{\bf{Legacy of Independence Movements}} & {\bf{National Identity:}} Independence movements solidified national identities and contributed to the development of distinct national cultures and languages. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Impact on Global Order:}} The end of the Soviet Union significantly altered the global balance of power, leading to a unipolar world dominated by the United States, but also setting the stage for new regional powers to emerge. \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

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