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\author{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (russian-revolution-timeline.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (RainyMoons (RainyMoons))
  /Subject (Russian Revolution Timeline Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Russian Revolution Timeline Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/153402/cs/39885/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}RainyMoons (RainyMoons) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/rainymoons} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 7th August, 2024.\\
   Updated 7th August, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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% Row 0
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1861 & March & Tsar Alexander II passes the Emancipation Edict, ending serfdom in Russia (but keeps peasants tied to the land through continuing labour obligations) \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
1866 &  & Publication of Fyodor Dostoevsky's Crime \& Punishment \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1867 &  & Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel invents dynamite. Within a decade, Russian revolutionaries are using dynamite to try to assassinate the Tsar \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
1867 &  & The first volume of Karl Marx's Das Kapital is published \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
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1868 & May & Nicholas II, the last tsar of Russia is born \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
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1870 & April & Vladimir Ilyich Lenin is born \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
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\seqsplit{1877-1878} &  & Russo-Turkish war \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
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1878 &  & Vera Zasulich, a member of the secret revolutionary organisation Land \& Freedom, is acquitted by the jury in her trial for the attempted murder of Dmitrii Trepov, Governor General of St Petersburg \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 8)
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1880 & \seqsplit{February} & Failed attempt (no.5) to assassinated Tsar Alexander II by blowing up his palace dining room kills 11 \& wounds 56. The tsar survives through being late to dinner \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
1881 & March & Tsar Alexander II is assassinated by a member of the radical group The People's Will after 5 previously unsuccessful attempts on his life. He is succeeded by his son, Alexander III, who enacts anti-terrorism measures that curb civil rights \& freedom of the press \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 11)
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1882 &  & Pogroms against Jews spread across the Russian Empire, leading to mass emigration of the Jewish population \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 5)
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1883 &  & The Emancipation of Labour group, the first Russian Marxist group, is founded in Switzerland \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 4)
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1883 & March & Karl Marx dies in London \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
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1887 & May 20 & Lenin's older brother, Alexander, is executed for his involvement in a plot to assassinate Tsar Alexander III \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 5)
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1890 &  & The Zemstvo Act restricts the authority of the zemstvos, rural government councils which were established in 1864 \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
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\seqsplit{1891-92} &  & Famine in Russian kills between 375,000 \& 400,000 \& affects millions more \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 16
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1891 &  & Construction of the Trans-Siberian railway \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
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1894 & \seqsplit{November} 1 & Tsar Alexander III dies after a sudden illness; his son Nicholas II assumes the throne \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
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1894 & \seqsplit{November} 26 & Tsar Nicholas II marries Princess Alexandra Fedorovna, Queen Victoria's granddaughter \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
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1895 & \seqsplit{December} 20 & Lenin is arrested to be kept in solitary confinement for 13 months \& then exiled to Siberia for 3 years \tn 
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1896 & May 26 & Coronation of Tsar Nicholas II \tn 
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1896 & May 30 & The Khodynka Tragedy - a stampede in Moscow occurs during festivities following Nicholas II's coronation, \& results in the deaths of over 1,300 people \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 6)
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1897 &  & Sergei Witte, Russian Minister of Finance, undertakes a major currency reform \& puts the Russian rouble on the Gold Standard \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
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1897 &  & According to census records, the overall literacy rate in the Russian Empire (excluding Finland) is 21.1 percent (29.3 percent for men \& 13.1 percent for women) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 7)
% Row 24
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1898 &  & The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party is founded in Minsk \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
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1900 &  & The average life expectancy at birth in Russia is 29.4 years for boys \& 31.4 years for girls \tn 
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% Row 1
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1901 &  & Queen Victoria dies \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
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\seqsplit{1901-02} &  & The Socialist Revolutionary Party (SR) is established \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
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\seqsplit{1901-05} &  & Economic downturn in Russia creates discontent \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
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1902 & April & Lenin enters the British Museum's round Reading Room for the first time under the pseudonym Jacob Richter \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
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\SetRowColor{white}
1902 &  & First publication of Mrs Craddock, one of the first novels by William Somerset Maugham, who in 1917 travelled to Russia as a British Secret Intelligence Service agent \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 7)
% Row 6
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1903 & \seqsplit{July-August} & The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party meets for its Second Congress in London \& splits into 2 factions: Mensheviks ('minority') \& the more radical Bolsheviks ('majority') \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 8)
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1904 &  & The first part of the Trans-Siberian Railway is completed between Moscow \& Vladivostok. The entire railway was completed in 1916 \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
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1904 & February & The Russo-Japanese war starts. The Japanese fleet launches a surprise attack \& siege on the Russian naval squadron at Port Arthur \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
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1904 & May - December & The Russian army suffers defeats at the battles of Fu-hsien \& Liao-yang \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
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1904 & August 12 & After having 4 daughters, Tsarina Alexandra gives birth to a son, Alexei \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
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1905 & January & The Russian commander of Port Arthur surrenders the port to the Japanese without consulting his officers \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 5)
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1905 & January 22 & Bloody Sunday. Troops \& Police open fire on a peaceful demonstration outside the Winter Palace \& elsewhere in St Petersburg, killing between 200 \& 1000 people. The liberal press argued that Nicholas II was responsible for the bloodshed \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 10)
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1905 & February - March & The Russian army is defeated at the Battle of Mukden. Loses in the battle amount to approx 89,000 Russian \& 71,000 Japanese casualties \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 14
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1905 & April - May & The Third Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party meets in London \tn 
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1905 & June & Sailors mutiny on the battleship Potemkin, part of the Black Sea fleet. The mutiny triggers riots in Odessa, which are quashed by troops on the tsar's orders \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 7)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
1905 & Summer & Strikes, unrest \& peasant uprisings continue, culminating in a general strike in October \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 17
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1905 & August - September & Following Russia's defeat in the naval battle of Tsushima in May 1905, Russia \& Japan sign the Treaty of Portsmouth, ending the Russo-Japanese war \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 7)
% Row 18
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1905 & October & The St Petersburg Soviet of Workers' Deputies holds is first session \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 3)
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1905 & October & The Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets) is formed \tn 
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1905 & October 30 & Tsar Nicholas II issues the October Manifesto, promising civil liberties \& an elected parliament (Duma) \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
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1905 & December & In response to the suppression of the St Petersburg Soviet, the Moscow Soviet launches a disastrous attempt to seize power. The government quashes the insurrection after 5 days \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 8)
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1906 & May 6 & Tsar Nicholas II issues the Fundamental Laws, a 124 point de facto constitution \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
% Row 23
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1906 & May 10 & The first Russian Duma meets \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 24
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1906 & November & Prime Minister Petr Stolypin's Agrarian Reform Act, a series of measures aimed at ending the communal system of landholding is implemented \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 6)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1908 & June 30 & The Tunguska event. A giant, mysterious explosion shakes Siberia, levelling an estimated 80 million trees over an area of 830 square miles \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 6)
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1910 & November & Leo Tolstoy dies \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
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1910 &  & Artists \& poets form a group that marks the start of the Russian futurist movement \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
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1913 & March 6 & Nicholas II celebrates 300 years of Romanov rule in Russia \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{white}
1913 &  & Andrei Bely's novel Petersburg, recognised as the most significant work of Russian symbolism \& modernism, is published. The novel tells a story of a young revolutionary who is ordered to assassinate his father in autumn 1905, during the period of social \& political unrest \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 12)
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1913 & May 29 & Igor Stravinsky's ballet The Rite of Spring premieres in Paris, where it is met with outrage from the audiene \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 5)
% Row 31
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1913 &  & Between 1908 \& 1913 industrial production increases by almost 50 percent in Russia, but working conditions remain almost the same \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 6)
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1913 &  & Natalia Goncharova, a prominent member of the Russian futurist movement, completes her futurist painting The Cyclist \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
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1914 & June 28 & Assassination of Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
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1914 & July 28 & Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
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1914 & August 1 & Germany declares war on Russia \& Russia enters WWI. 3 days later on 4 August Britain declares war on Germany \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
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1914 &  & At the beginning of WWI, the number of urban workers in Russia is estimated at between 12 \& 22 million (approx 10 percent of the population). Only 0.5 to 0.8 percent of this industrial workforce were members of either the Bolshevik or Menshevik factions of the Social Democrats. The population of the Russian Empire in 1914 is approx 170 million \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 15)
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1914 &  & Women comprise one third of the industrial labour force in Russia, but receive significantly lower wages than their male counterparts \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 38
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1914 &  & St Petersburg is renamed Petrograd to make it sound less German \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
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1914 & August 26-30 & Russia's 2nd army suffers defeat at the battle of Tannenberg, the first major battle on the eastern front. Over 30,000 Russian soldiers are killed or wounded, \& more than 90,000 are taken prisoner by the Germans \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 9)
% Row 40
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1915 & January & The first use of gas warfare by the German forces \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 41
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1915 & September & Tsar Nicholas II becomes supreme commander of the Russian army \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
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1915 &  & By the middle of 1915, the German army controls all of Russian Poland \& Lithuania, \& most of Latvia \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 5)
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1916 & December 30 & Grigorii Rasputin, the controversial 'holy man' \& close friend of Tsar Nicholas II's family, is murdered after several failed attempts \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 6)
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1916 &  & By 1916 Russia's war casualties total 1.7 million military dead \& 5 million wounded \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
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1917 &  & The overall literacy rate in Russia is approx 43 percent \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
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1917 & January & A Russian pound (or funt) of sugar in Moscow costs 28 kopecks, compared to 15 kopecks before the war \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
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1917 & March 8 & On International Women's Day, demonstrators \& striking workers - many of whom are women - take to the streets to protest against food shortages \& the war \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 6)
% Row 3
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1917 & March 10 & Strikes spread across Petrograd \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 4
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1917 & March 12 & The Duma meets against the Tsar's wishes \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 5
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1917 & March 12 & The Petrograd Soviet of Workers' \& Soldiers' Deputies forms \& holds its first meeting \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
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1917 & March 12 & The death penalty is abolished \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
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1917 & March 14 & Order Number 1, the first official decree of the Petrograd Soviet of Workers' \& Soldiers' Deputies is issued \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 5)
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1917 & March 14 & Tsar Nicholas II abdicates \& also removes his son from the succession. The following day Nicholas's brother Mikhail announces his refusal to accept the throne \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 7)
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1917 & March 15 & The Provisional Committee (government) of the State Duma is formed \& replaces the tsarist government \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
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1917 & March 15 & Prince Lvov becomes leader of the Provisional Government \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
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1917 & April & Lenin returns from exile, travelling to Petrograd in a sealed train from Switzerland via Germany \& Finland \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
1917 & May 1 & The 'Miliukov note'. A telegram sent to the Allied Powers by Foreign Minister (\& member of the Kadet Party) Pavel Miliukov states the Provisional Government's intention to continue the war. The note is leaked, resulting in protests \& increased support for the Bolsheviks \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 11)
% Row 13
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1917 & May & Miliukov resigns \& members of the Socialist Revolutionaries \& Mensheviks join the government \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 4)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
1917 & June & The first All-Russia Congress of Workers' \& Soldiers' Deputies opens \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 3)
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% Row 15
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1917 & July & Russia launches an offensive against Austria-Hungary \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
1917 & July & The death penalty is reintroduced at the front \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1917 & July 16-20 & The July Days begin in Petrograd. A new Provisional Government is set up with Alexander Kerensky at its head. Lenin goes into hiding \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 6)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
1917 & July & The Provisional Government grants women the right to vote \& hold office \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1917 & July 24 & Alexander Kerensky becomes Prime Minister of the Provisional Government \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
1917 & August & A Russian pound (funt) of sugar costs 2.25 roubles in Moscow \& is being sold on the black market \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1917 & August & Trotsky joins the Bolshevik Party. He had previously been a member of the Menshevik faction \& later was head of the Mezhraiontsy - a small independent faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 8)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
1917 & \seqsplit{September} 4-9 & The Kornilov affair, a failed coup by General Kornilov, commander of the Russian army, takes place \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.76 cm} x{1.748 cm} x{5.092 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1917 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1917 & \seqsplit{September} & Russia is officially declared a republic, several months after the de facto end of the monarchy \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
1917 & November 7 & The October revolution; the Bolsheviks seize control of Petrograd \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1917 & November 8 & The Bolsheviks take control of the Winter Palace, the last remaining holdout of the Provisional Government \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
1917 & November 8 & The decrees on land \& peace are issued by the new government \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1917 & November 8 & Subsequent workers' decrees outline measures for an 8 hour working day, minimum wage \& the running of factories \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 5)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
1917 & November 8 & The death penalty is abolished once again \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1917 & November 9 & The Decree on the Press, the first Bolshevik censorship decree, abolishes the 'bourgeois' press \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 4)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
1917 & November 15 & The Bolsheviks gain control of Moscow after a week of bitter street fighting \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1917 & November & The Central Rada (parliament) takes power in Kyiv \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.76 cm} x{1.748 cm} x{5.092 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1917 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1917 & November 25 & Elections to the Constituent Assembly takes place. The Socialist Revolutionaries win the largest number of seats, while the Bolsheviks win less than one quarter of the vote \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{white}
1917 & December 6 & Finland declares its independence from Russia \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1917 & December & A Russian pound (funt) of sugar costs 6 roubles in Moscow. Each person receives 1/4 pound of bread per day. Bread \& flour are still being sold openly, but for extortionate prices \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 7)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{white}
1917 & December & Lenin appoints Felix Dzerzhinsky as Communist for Internal Affairs \& head of the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution \& Sabotage (Cheka) \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 7)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1917 & December 15 & An armistice between Russia \& the Central Powers is signed \& fighting stops \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{white}
1917 & December 22 & Russian-German peace negotiations begin at Brest-Litovsk \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1917 & December 23 & Orthographic reform is introduced by the People's Commissariat for Education. However, the reform does not take effect until October 10 1918 \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.14 cm} x{1.596 cm} x{4.864 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1918 - 1924}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1918 & January 18-19 & The Constituent Assembly meets but is dissolved by the Bolsheviks \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
1918 & January & Alexander Blok completes his poem The Twelve \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1918 & January & The Russian delegation, led by Leon Trotsky, denounces the German Peace Terms as unacceptable \& walks out of the peace negotiations at Brest-Litovsk \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
1918 & January 28 & The Council of People's Commissars (Sovnarkom) issues a decree forming the Workers' \& Peasants' Red Army \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1918 & \seqsplit{February} & A Russian pound (punt) of sugar in Moscow costs 10 roubles \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
1918 & \seqsplit{February} 14 & Russia adopts the Western (Gregorian) calendar \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1918 & March 3 & The Brest-Litovsk Treaty ends Russia's participation in WWI. Russia accepts territorial losses \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
1918 & March 6-8 & At the 7th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, the Bolsheviks change the name of their party to the Russian Communist Party \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.14 cm} x{1.596 cm} x{4.864 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1918 - 1924 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1918 &  & Spanish flu pandemic kills 50 to 100 million people worldwide \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
1918 & March & British troops land in Murmansk \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1918 & March & The Russian capital is moved from Petrograd to Moscow \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
1918 & April & For an 8 hour day, skilled male workers receive 18 roubles \& women workers of the same category receive 15 roubles 30 kopecks. Unskilled workers receive 10.65 roubles \& 9.35 roubles \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 8)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1918 & May & Czechoslovak legionnaires storm Chelyabinsk railway station \& occupy the city \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
1918 & July 6 & Wilhelm von Mirbach, the German ambassador to Soviet Russia, is assassinated in Moscow by members of the Left Socialist Revolutionary Party \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 6)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1918 & July 10 & The first constitution of the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic grants equal rights to men \& women \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.14 cm} x{1.596 cm} x{4.864 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1918 - 1924 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1918 & July 16 & Gorky's Novaia zhizn' (New Life), the last opposition newspaper is banned \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
1918 & July 16-17 & Tsar Nicholas II \& his family are executed by the Bolsheviks in Yekaterinburg \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1918 & July & US president Woodrow Wilson approves a 5,000 strong American force to support the White Army in northern Russia \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
1918 & August 11 & Lenin sends a telegram to communists in Penza, Central Russia complaining about uprisings in the area \& calling for the public execution of 100 kulaks \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 6)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1918 & August 30 & Moisei Uritskii, head of the Bolshevik secret police (Cheka) in Petrograd is assassinated \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
1918 & August 30 & An assassination attempt on Lenin by the Socialist Revolutionary Fanny Kaplan leaved him seriously wounded. The attempt, together with the murder of Uritskii, sparks a period of mass arrests \& executions known as the 'Red Terror' \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 10)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.14 cm} x{1.596 cm} x{4.864 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1918 - 1924 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1918 & October & A Russian pound (funt) of sugar in Moscow costs 35 roubles \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
1918 & October & The Bolshevik Family Law clarifies \& expands earlier reforms on the legal status of marriage, divorce \& parenthood \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1918 & \seqsplit{November} 7-8 & Revolution breaks out in a number of German cities, including the capital, Berlin. Uprisings continue over the following months until the final suppression of the Munich Soviet in May 1919 \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 8)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
1918 & \seqsplit{November} 11 & WWI ends \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1918 & \seqsplit{November} 11 & Poland declares its independence \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
1918 & \seqsplit{November} 19 & The first All-Russian Congress of Women meets. The congress results in the foundation of the Zhenotdel, the world's first government department exclusively concerned with the affairs of women in 1919 \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 8)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1918 & \seqsplit{December} & Perm (in central Siberia) falls to the White Army, led by Admiral Kolchak \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.14 cm} x{1.596 cm} x{4.864 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1918 - 1924 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1919 & January 15 & German communist leaders Rosa Luxemburg \& Karl Liebknecht are murdered in Berlin \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{white}
1919 & January 18 & Paris Peace Conference convenes, resulting in the Treaty of Versailles \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1919 & January & The Sovnarkom formally announces the beginning of Prodrazverstka (compulsory grain requisitioning), which leads to peasant revolts \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 6)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{1919-1921} &  & Polish-Soviet war \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1919 & March & American journalist \& social John Reed's Ten Days that Shook the World is published in New York \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{white}
1919 & March & The Hungarian Soviet Republic, led by Béla Kun is established; it lasts until August before being dispersed \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 5)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1919 & March & The Comintern (or Third International) is formed in Moscow, with the aim of spreading revolution all over the world \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 5)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{white}
1919 & July & Finland becomes a republic \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.14 cm} x{1.596 cm} x{4.864 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1918 - 1924 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1920 &  & Communist parties form across the world \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{white}
1920 & January 10 & The League of Nations is established \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1920 & August & Peasant insurrection in Tambov (300 miles south-east of Moscow) begins \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{white}
1920 & \seqsplit{November} & The Red Army invades \& occupies Crimea \& the White Army is force to withdraw \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1920 & \seqsplit{November} & Abortion is legalised \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 41
\SetRowColor{white}
1920 &  & Evgenii Zamyatin completes his dystopian novel We. It is the first work to be banned by the Goskomizdat (State Committee for Publishing) \& is first published in English in New York in 1924 \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 8)
% Row 42
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1921 &  & The population of Petrograd has fallen from 2.5 million in 1917 to 600,000 in 1920 \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 4)
% Row 43
\SetRowColor{white}
1921 &  & By the beginning of 1921 the rouble has lost 96 percent of its pre war value; industrial production has fallen to 10 percent of its 1913 level \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.14 cm} x{1.596 cm} x{4.864 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1918 - 1924 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 44
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1921 & March & The Kronstadt mutiny, an unsuccessful uprising against the Bolsheviks, takes place \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 45
\SetRowColor{white}
1921 & March & End of 'War Communism' \& the introduction of the 'New Economic Policy' (NEP) \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 46
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1921 & March 18 & The Peace of Riga ends the Polish-Soviet war \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 47
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{1921-1922} &  & Between 6 \& 7 million children are living on the streets, with a further 540,000 living in orphanages \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
% Row 48
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1922 & April 3 & Stalin is appointed General Secretary of the Communist Party \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 49
\SetRowColor{white}
1922 & April 16 & Soviet Russia \& Germany sign the Treaty of Rapallo, renouncing all territorial \& financial claims against each other following the Brest-Litovsk Treaty \& WWI \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 7)
% Row 50
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1922 & \seqsplit{December} & Creation of the Soviet Union \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 51
\SetRowColor{white}
1922 &  & 5 million people have died as a result of 2 years of famine \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.14 cm} x{1.596 cm} x{4.864 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1918 - 1924 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 52
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1923 & October 23-25 & The Hamburg uprising, an attempted communist coup, is crushed within 24 hours \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 53
\SetRowColor{white}
1923 & January 21 & Lenin dies, leading to a power struggle within the party. Stalin emerges as party leader. His rival Leon Trotsky is dismissed, then exiled \& finally murdered in 1940 \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 7)
% Row 54
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1924 & January 31 & Constitution of the USSR that legitimises its creation is ratified \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 55
\SetRowColor{white}
1924 & \seqsplit{February} 1 & Britain, led by its first Labour government, recognises the Soviet Union. Several other countries, including Italy \& China, quickly follow \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 6)
% Row 56
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1924 &  & The majority of Western countries close their border to immigrants from Eastern Europe following almost 40 years of mass migration \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}