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\author{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)}
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  /Title (montreal-experiments-timeline.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (RainyMoons (RainyMoons))
  /Subject (Montreal Experiments Timeline Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Montreal Experiments Timeline Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
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  \vspace{-2pt}RainyMoons (RainyMoons) \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 14th August, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Background and Context}}  \tn
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Late 1950s–Early 1960s & MKULTRA was in full swing; the CIA sought more controlled, scientific environments to study LSD, hypnosis, and behavioral modification. \tn 
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 & McGill University, Montreal, Canada, led by Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron, a prominent psychiatrist and past president of the American Psychiatric Association, became a primary site. \tn 
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 & Cameron's work on "psychic driving"—a combination of sensory deprivation, repetition of audio messages, and drugs—aligned with CIA interests in mind control. \tn 
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 & The CIA funneled funds through front organizations (notably the Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology) to obscure the source of funding. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1957–1959: Initial CIA Contact and Planning}}  \tn
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1957 & Cameron expresses interest in "curing" schizophrenia and other psychiatric conditions through extreme experimental therapies. \tn 
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 & MKULTRA identifies Cameron as ideal for research into behavioral programming. \tn 
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 & CIA sets up financial support via grants disguised as independent research funding. \tn 
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1958 & Planning begins for systematic experiments combining: LSD and other psychoactive drugs. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) at intensities far beyond therapeutic norms. Sensory deprivation (including isolation chambers). Repetitive audio loops for "psychic driving." \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1959–1962: Core Experiments Begin}}  \tn
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1959 & Cameron begins intensive experiments at Allen Memorial Institute, Montreal. \tn 
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 & Patients admitted for ordinary psychiatric care are subjected to extreme regimens without informed consent: Drug administration: High-dose LSD and other hallucinogens. Electroshock therapy: Up to 30–40 times normal therapeutic levels, sometimes inducing total memory loss. Psychic driving: Repeatedly played recorded messages for hours or days, often after drug-induced sedation or sensory deprivation. Isolation and sensory deprivation: Patients placed in locked rooms or padded chambers for days. \tn 
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1960 & CIA funds continue under MKULTRA Subproject 68, which specifically supported Cameron's work on "psychic driving."CIA funds continue under MKULTRA Subproject 68, which specifically supported Cameron's work on "psychic driving." \tn 
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 & Experiments increasingly focus on "erasing" existing personality structures to rebuild them, aligning with CIA goals of potential mind control agents. \tn 
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 & Reports indicate severe, often permanent, psychological damage in patients: memory loss, incontinence, cognitive deficits, and personality fragmentation. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1961–1964: Escalation and Expansion}}  \tn
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1961 & Cameron introduces massive drug combinations including LSD, barbiturates, and paralytic agents. \tn 
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 & Psychic driving protocols intensify: Patients subjected to repeated messages for 16–24 hours per day over weeks. Drugs used to keep patients compliant during sessions. \tn 
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 & CIA receives detailed reports on experimental outcomes. \tn 
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 & Early ethical concerns raised within MKULTRA, but experiments continue. \tn 
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1962 & Cameron begins long-term studies on memory erasure and behavioral reprogramming. \tn 
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 & Experimentation becomes more systematic: Isolation for weeks combined with ECT and continuous audio loops. Goal: "depattern" subjects to allow new personality traits to be implanted. \tn 
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 & At least dozens of patients affected; many are vulnerable psychiatric patients, unaware of CIA involvement. \tn 
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1963 & CIA continues funding but grows concerned about the high visibility and risk of exposure. \tn 
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 & Cameron's experiments documented in detailed reports but kept secret from public and Canadian authorities. \tn 
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 & Some internal memos note that patients show "severe and permanent damage," but deem the work scientifically valuable. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1964–1965: Termination and Aftermath}}  \tn
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1964 & Cameron's experiments wind down; funding transitions to other research projects under new MKULTRA subprojects. \tn 
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 & Ethical concerns and scrutiny from university administrators begin to rise. \tn 
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 & Patients discharged with little or no support for severe cognitive or psychological damage. \tn 
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 & Official records indicate at least 30–40 seriously harmed patients, though exact numbers remain uncertain. \tn 
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1965 & CIA begins scaling down direct involvement in MKULTRA's human experimentation programs. \tn 
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 & Cameron continues psychiatric work, but without CIA funding. \tn 
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 & Many survivors remain unaware of CIA sponsorship for decades. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1970s–1980s: Exposure and Public Scandal}}  \tn
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1977 & CIA documents released under FOIA reveal Cameron's experiments were funded covertly by MKULTRA, shocking the public and Canadian authorities. \tn 
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 & Victims begin to connect their suffering to CIA-funded programs. \tn 
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1980s & Class-action lawsuits and compensation claims filed by patients and families in Canada. \tn 
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 & Public hearings reveal: Ethical violations: experiments on vulnerable patients without consent. Permanent psychological and physical harm. CIA cover-up through front organizations. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key Features of the Montreal Experiments}}  \tn
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Psychic Driving & Repeated audio messages combined with sensory deprivation and drug sedation. \tn 
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 & Goal: erase existing personality traits and implant new ones. \tn 
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Drug Regimens & LSD, barbiturates, and paralytic agents. \tn 
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 & Doses often far beyond safe therapeutic levels. \tn 
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\seqsplit{Electroconvulsive} Therapy (ECT) & Administered at extreme levels to erase memory and disrupt cognition. \tn 
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Target Population & Vulnerable psychiatric patients. \tn 
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 & Often admitted for routine treatment, unaware of CIA involvement. \tn 
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CIA Involvement & Funding through front organizations. \tn 
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 & Objective: explore human mind control for interrogation and espionage. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Long-Term Impact}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Many patients suffered permanent memory loss, personality changes, and mental illness.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Frank Olson and other MKULTRA cases gain historical notoriety, but the Montreal Experiments are the most extreme example of CIA-funded psychiatric abuse.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Case remains central to studies of bioethics, human experimentation, and Cold War paranoia.} \tn 
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% That's all folks
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