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% Document Info
\author{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (mkultra-timeline.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (RainyMoons (RainyMoons))
  /Subject (MKULTRA Timeline Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{MKULTRA Timeline Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/153402/cs/46865/}}}
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\noindent
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}RainyMoons (RainyMoons) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/rainymoons} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 14th August, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.74655 cm} x{4.23045 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1940s: Origins \& Early CIA Interest}}  \tn
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\seqsplit{1945-47} & Context: The CIA (established in 1947) and its predecessors were concerned about potential Soviet and Chinese brainwashing methods after WWII. \tn 
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 & OSS Experiments Influence: MKULTRA drew inspiration from Office of Strategic Services (OSS) experiments on interrogation techniques and mind control during WWII. \tn 
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 & Early research included studies on hypnosis, truth serums (e.g., sodium pentothal), and sensory deprivation. \tn 
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1947 & Establishment of CIA: The CIA is officially formed, inheriting OSS interest in mind control, interrogation, and behavior modification. \tn 
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 & Initial studies focus on psychotropic drugs and interrogation techniques, with informal cooperation from universities and hospitals. \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1950–52: Conceptualisation and Early Experiments}}  \tn
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1950 & CIA initiates interest in "behavioral engineering" and chemical interrogation. \tn 
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 & Dr. Sidney Gottlieb joins as a chemist and becomes key in planning covert programs. \tn 
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1951 & Experiments on LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) begin, investigating its potential for mind control. \tn 
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 & Early tests conducted on CIA employees and willing volunteers at labs. \tn 
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1952 & CIA acquires knowledge of Soviet and Chinese "brainwashing" techniques from POW reports during the Korean War. \tn 
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 & Focus expands from interrogation enhancement to potential human control. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.9954 cm} x{3.9816 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1953: Formalisation of MKULTRA}}  \tn
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April 1953 & CIA Director Allen Dulles officially authorizes MKULTRA via a top-secret memorandum. \tn 
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 & Program purpose: "Research on methods of influencing and controlling human behavior." \tn 
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 & Sidney Gottlieb appointed to oversee the program; he organizes it into multiple subprojects. \tn 
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1953-55 & MKULTRA expands to include subprojects at over 80 institutions, including universities, hospitals, prisons, and private companies. \tn 
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 & Methods tested include: LSD and other hallucinogens. Hypnosis and subliminal messaging. Sensory deprivation and isolation. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and other psychiatric interventions. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.74655 cm} x{4.23045 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mid-1950s: Expansion and Secret Testing}}  \tn
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1954 & MKULTRA begins covert experiments on unwitting subjects, including civilians. \tn 
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 & Tests often conducted in hospitals, prisons, and CIA safe houses. \tn 
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 & Some experiments are linked to CIA front organizations, such as Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
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\seqsplit{1955-57} & Focus on LSD: Gottlieb believes LSD could be used for interrogation, manipulation, and even assassination. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & CIA experiments attempt to assess the drug's ability to cause compliance, memory loss, or psychological breakdown. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
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1956 & Subproject 54: LSD testing on prisoners in Kentucky; many report long-term psychological effects. \tn 
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 & Early concern about ethics emerges internally, but research continues due to Cold War urgency. \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.74655 cm} x{4.23045 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Late 1950s: Extreme Methods and Secret Expansion}}  \tn
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\seqsplit{1957-59} & MKULTRA experiments include: Electroshock therapy on unwitting subjects. Radioactive tracers to study drug absorption and behavior modification (precursor to Project MKOFTEN). Hypnosis and personality disruption studies. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
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 & Safe houses and CIA front labs increasingly used for covert testing on civilians. \tn 
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1958 & LSD is secretly given to unsuspecting CIA operatives and public volunteers in field tests. \tn 
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 & Early attempts to test mass-use applications, including surreptitious dosing in social settings, are documented. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1960s: Height of Experimentation}}  \tn
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\seqsplit{1960-63} & MKULTRA grows more secretive; subprojects diversify: Subprojects test biological agents, hallucinogens, and new psychotropic drugs. Some experiments attempt behavior modification via hypnosis combined with drugs. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
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 & Key event: Dr. Frank Olson, a CIA biochemist, is dosed with LSD unknowingly, resulting in psychological distress. He dies in 1953 (officially ruled a suicide), later becoming a major scandal. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 6)
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{1961-64} & CIA explores mind control for espionage purposes, including "programmable agents" and covert assassination techniques. \tn 
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 & Experimentation on vulnerable populations such as mental patients, prisoners, and drug users increases. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
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 & Early indications of ethical and legal issues arise internally. \tn 
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1962 & MKULTRA subprojects reach universities, research hospitals, and psychiatric clinics across the US and Canada (e.g., Montreal Experiments at McGill University). \tn 
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% Row 6
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1963 & Project absorbs Project Artichoke (CIA mind control and interrogation initiative from 1951–1953), consolidating efforts in LSD and hypnosis research. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.74655 cm} x{4.23045 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1960s: Height of Experimentation (cont)}}  \tn
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\seqsplit{1964-65} & LSD and chemical experiments on unwitting civilians continue. \tn 
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 & CIA begins assessing long-term effects and the limits of mind control techniques. \tn 
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 & Internal memos express concern about lack of oversight and the risk of public exposure. \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.74655 cm} x{4.23045 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Late 1960s: Scaling Down and Cover-up}}  \tn
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\seqsplit{1965-67} & Reports of adverse effects (psychotic breaks, deaths, extreme psychological trauma) accumulate. \tn 
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 & Increasing public scrutiny of government research programs prompts internal discussions about termination. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
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 & Experiments on civilian populations largely phased out, though classified studies on operatives continue. \tn 
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1967 & Director Richard Helms orders destruction of most MKULTRA files to prevent discovery during future congressional investigations. \tn 
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 & Remaining subprojects largely reclassified under other CIA programs. \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1970s: Exposure}}  \tn
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1973 & CIA Director Richard Helms orders all MKULTRA files destroyed following growing scrutiny. \tn 
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 & Only \textasciitilde{}20,000 documents survive, mainly in financial and administrative records. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
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1975 & Church Committee Investigation: The U.S. Senate investigates CIA misconduct, including MKULTRA, human experimentation, and assassination plots. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
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 & Senate finds widespread ethical violations, secret dosing of civilians, and government cover-ups. \tn 
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1977 & Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests lead to additional MKULTRA documents being released. \tn 
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 & Public learns of unwitting human experimentation, including cases like Frank Olson and various prison experiments. \tn 
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1979 & A Presidential Commission under Gerald Ford examines CIA abuses and MKULTRA. \tn 
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 & Recommendations made for stricter oversight of classified human experimentation. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.24425 cm} x{3.73275 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Legacy and Aftermath}}  \tn
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\seqsplit{1980s–2000s} & Further FOIA releases provide insight into the scale of MKULTRA experiments. \tn 
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 & Survivors and families, notably Frank Olson's, pursue legal action against the CIA. \tn 
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 & Academic research evaluates MKULTRA in the context of ethics, Cold War paranoia, and psychological experimentation. \tn 
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Present & MKULTRA is widely cited as a cautionary tale in government overreach, bioethics, and covert experimentation. \tn 
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 & Many of its methods, while secretive, contributed indirectly to modern psychopharmacology and behavioral research. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
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