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\author{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)}
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  /Title (mccarthyism-and-the-trials.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (RainyMoons (RainyMoons))
  /Subject (McCarthyism \& The Trials Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{McCarthyism \& The Trials Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/153402/cs/44121/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 17th August, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Intro}}  \tn
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{\bf{Definition of McCarthyism}} & McCarthyism refers to the period of intense anti-communist suspicion and persecution in the United States during the early 1950s \tn 
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 & Named after Senator Joseph McCarthy, it was characterized by accusations of subversion and treason without proper evidence, leading to widespread fear and the violation of civil liberties \tn 
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{\bf{Historical Context}} & The Cold War (1947-1991) created an environment of fear and suspicion in the United States, particularly regarding the threat of communist infiltration \tn 
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 & The Red Scare, both in the late 1940s and early 1950s, fueled concerns that communists were working to undermine American society and government \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Rise of McCarthyism}}  \tn
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{\bf{Senator Joseph McCarthy}} & Joseph McCarthy, a Republican Senator from Wisconsin, became the most prominent figure associated with anti-communist activities during this period \tn 
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 & In 1950, McCarthy claimed to have a list of communists working in the State Department, though the accuracy of this list was never substantiated \tn 
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{\bf{Wheeling Speech}} & On February 9, 1950, McCarthy gave a speech in Wheeling, West Virginia, where he claimed to have a list of 205 communists in the State Department, sparking widespread fear and media attention \tn 
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 & This speech marked the beginning of McCarthy's rise to national prominence and the escalation of anti-communist hysteria \tn 
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{\bf{Political and Social Climate}} & The late 1940s and early 1950s were marked by fears of Soviet expansion, the Berlin Blockade (1948-49), the Korean War (1950-53), and the success of the Chinese Communist Revolution in 1949 \tn 
% Row Count 38 (+ 9)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Rise of McCarthyism (cont)}}  \tn
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 & Domestically, the discovery of Soviet spies, such as Alger Hiss and the Rosenbergs, heightened fears of communist infiltration \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Role of HUAC}}  \tn
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{\bf{House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)}} & HUAC was a congressional committee created in 1938 to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities \tn 
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 & During the McCarthy era, HUAC focused on exposing communists in various sectors, including government, entertainment, and education \tn 
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{\bf{Hollywood Blacklist}} & One of HUAC's most famous actions was investigating Hollywood, leading to the Hollywood blacklist, where individuals suspected of communist ties were denied employment in the entertainment industry \tn 
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 & The "Hollywood Ten," a group of screenwriters and directors who refused to testify before HUAC, were convicted of contempt of Congress and blacklisted \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Role of HUAC (cont)}}  \tn
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{\bf{Impact on Other Professions}} & HUAC's investigations extended beyond Hollywood, affecting academics, government employees, union members, and many others, leading to job losses and ruined careers \tn 
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 & Accusations were often based on tenuous evidence or associations, leading to a culture of fear and self-censorship \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{McCarthy's Senate Hearings}}  \tn
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{\bf{Army-McCarthy Hearings}} & n 1954, McCarthy's focus shifted to alleged communist infiltration in the U.S. Army, leading to the Army-McCarthy hearings, which were televised and watched by millions of Americans \tn 
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 & The hearings marked the beginning of McCarthy's decline, as his aggressive tactics and lack of evidence were exposed to the public \tn 
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{\bf{Joseph Welch's Rebuttal}} & During the hearings, Joseph Welch, the Army's chief counsel, famously rebuked McCarthy, saying, "Have you no sense of decency, sir?" This moment is often cited as a turning point in public opinion against McCarthy \tn 
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{\bf{Downfall of McCarthy}} & Following the Army-McCarthy hearings, McCarthy was censured by the Senate in December 1954, effectively ending his influence and marking the decline of McCarthyism \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{McCarthy's Senate Hearings (cont)}}  \tn
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 & McCarthy died in 1957, but the impact of his actions and the broader Red Scare continued to be felt for years \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Impact of McCarthyism}}  \tn
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{\bf{Violation of Civil Liberties}} & McCarthyism led to widespread violations of civil liberties, including the right to free speech, freedom of association, and the presumption of innocence \tn 
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 & Many individuals were imprisoned, blacklisted, or lost their jobs based on unproven accusations and guilt by association \tn 
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{\bf{Fear \& Paranoia}} & The culture of fear and paranoia created by McCarthyism led to self-censorship and a stifling of political discourse \tn 
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 & Americans became increasingly suspicious of their neighbors, colleagues, and friends, leading to a breakdown in trust within communities \tn 
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{\bf{Long-term Consequences}} & The legacy of McCarthyism had a chilling effect on political and artistic expression, with the fear of being labeled a communist or "un-American" lingering for years \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Impact of McCarthyism (cont)}}  \tn
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 & The period also left a lasting impact on American politics, with future political movements and campaigns sometimes invoking McCarthy-era tactics \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Legal and Social Repercussions}}  \tn
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{\bf{Supreme Court Decisions}} & Several Supreme Court decisions during the 1950s addressed issues related to McCarthyism, such as the rights of individuals to refuse to testify before HUAC and the constitutionality of loyalty oaths \tn 
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 & In cases like Watkins v. United States (1957), the Court ruled against some of the more extreme measures used during the Red Scare, signaling a shift away from the era's repressive tactics \tn 
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{\bf{Hollywood and the Blacklist}} & The Hollywood blacklist officially ended in the 1960s, but many individuals affected by it never fully recovered their careers \tn 
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 & Films like "The Front" (1976) and documentaries have since explored the impact of the blacklist on Hollywood and American culture \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Legal and Social Repercussions (cont)}}  \tn
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{\bf{Public Opinion and Reflection}} & Over time, public opinion shifted, with many viewing McCarthyism as a dark period in American history \tn 
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 & The term "McCarthyism" has since become synonymous with demagogic, reckless, and unsubstantiated accusations, often used in broader contexts beyond the Red Scare \tn 
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% That's all folks
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