\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)} \pdfinfo{ /Title (intro-to-law.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (RainyMoons (RainyMoons)) /Subject (Intro to Law Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{1C2FBB} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F0F2FA} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Intro to Law Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/153402/cs/44231/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}RainyMoons (RainyMoons) \\ \uline{cheatography.com/rainymoons} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 28th August, 2024.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.59264 cm} x{3.38436 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Overview}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Definition:}} & Law refers to a system of rules created and enforced through social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior. It is a means of social control, ensuring order and justice within a society. \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 8) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Purpose of Law:}} & {\bf{Order and Stability:}} Establishing guidelines for behavior to maintain social order. \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\bf{Protection of Rights:}} Safeguarding individual rights and liberties. \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} & {\bf{Justice:}} Ensuring fairness and resolving disputes. \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\bf{Social Change:}} Facilitating changes in society, such as reforms in civil rights and gender equality. \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Historical Development of Law}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Ancient Law:}} & {\bf{Code of Hammurabi (c. 1754 BCE):}} One of the earliest written legal codes, originating from Babylon, covering areas such as family law, contracts, and criminal law. \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} & {\bf{Roman Law:}} {\emph{The Twelve Tables (c. 450 BCE):}} The earliest attempt to create a code of law in Rome, forming the foundation of Roman law. \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 5) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\bf{Roman Law:}} {\emph{Justinian Code (Corpus Juris Civilis, 529-534 CE):}} A codification of Roman law under Emperor Justinian, influencing legal systems throughout Europe. \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 6) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Medieval Law:}} & {\bf{Common Law:}} Developed in England after the Norman Conquest, based on customs and judicial precedents rather than written codes. It forms the basis of legal systems in the UK, the US, and other former British colonies. \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 8) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\bf{Canon Law:}} The body of laws developed by the Catholic Church, governing religious and moral matters. \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 4) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Modern Law:}} & {\bf{Civil Law Tradition:}} Originating from Roman law, particularly the Justinian Code, and prevalent in Europe, Latin America, and parts of Asia and Africa. It is characterized by comprehensive written codes. \tn % Row Count 37 (+ 8) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Historical Development of Law (cont)}} \tn % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\bf{Common Law Tradition:}} Predominantly in the UK, the US, and Commonwealth countries, based on judicial decisions and precedent. \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} & {\bf{Islamic Law (Sharia):}} A religious legal system derived from the Quran and Hadith, governing all aspects of a Muslim's life, including civil, criminal, and family law. \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 7) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Branches of Law}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Public Law:}} & {\bf{Constitutional Law:}} Governs the structure and function of government institutions and the relationship between the state and individuals. It includes the interpretation of constitutions and human rights law. \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 9) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} & {\bf{Administrative Law:}} Regulates the activities of government agencies, including rule-making, adjudication, and enforcement of regulations. \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 6) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\bf{Criminal Law:}} Deals with conduct considered harmful to society, establishing penalties for offenses such as theft, assault, and murder. \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 6) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Private Law:}} & {\bf{Contract Law:}} Governs agreements between individuals or entities, outlining the rights and duties of parties in agreements. \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 5) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\bf{Tort Law:}} Addresses wrongs or injuries caused by one party to another, including negligence, defamation, and liability. \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 5) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Branches of Law (cont)}} \tn % Row 5 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\bf{Property Law:}} Deals with rights related to the ownership and use of property, both real and personal. \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{white} & {\bf{Family Law:}} Covers legal aspects of family relationships, including marriage, divorce, child custody, and inheritance. \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 5) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{International Law:}} & {\bf{Public International Law:}} Regulates relations between states and international entities, covering treaties, human rights, and international crimes. \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 6) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{white} & {\bf{Private International Law (Conflict of Laws):}} Addresses disputes involving foreign elements, such as international contracts or family matters. \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 6) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\bf{Humanitarian Law:}} A subset of public international law that governs the conduct of armed conflicts and protects individuals in times of war. \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 6) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.94103 cm} x{3.03597 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Legal Systems Around the World}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Civil Law System:}} & Based on comprehensive codes and statutes, with judges applying the law to cases. Common in Europe, Latin America, and parts of Asia and Africa. \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} & {\bf{Characteristics:}} Codified laws, Less reliance on judicial precedent, Judges as investigators \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Common Law System:}} & Based on judicial decisions and precedents, where past rulings influence future cases. Predominantly in the UK, the US, Canada, and Australia. \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 6) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} & {\bf{Characteristics:}} Importance of case law, Judicial precedents (stare decisis), Judges as arbiters \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 5) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Religious Law Systems:}} & {\bf{Islamic Law (Sharia):}} Governs aspects of personal, criminal, and economic life, based on religious texts. \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 5) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} & {\bf{Jewish Law (Halakha):}} Governs religious and daily life within Jewish communities, derived from the Torah and Talmud. \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 5) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.94103 cm} x{3.03597 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Legal Systems Around the World (cont)}} \tn % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\bf{Canon Law:}} Governs the Catholic Church, covering religious and moral issues. \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Customary Law:}} & Based on traditions and customs of specific communities, often unwritten, and observed by indigenous and tribal communities. \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 6) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.89126 cm} x{3.08574 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Structure of Government \& Legal Institutions}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Separation of Powers:}} & A principle that divides government into three branches—Legislative, Executive, and Judicial—to prevent abuse of power and ensure checks and balances. \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 7) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Legislature:}} & {\bf{Function:}} Enacts laws, often in the form of statutes. \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\bf{Bicameral vs. Unicameral:}} A bicameral legislature has two chambers (e.g., the US Congress with the Senate and House of Representatives), while a unicameral legislature has one. \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 8) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.84149 cm} x{3.13551 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Legal Processes and Procedures}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Civil Procedure:}} & Governs the process of resolving non-criminal disputes between individuals or entities, including the filing of lawsuits, discovery, trials, and appeals. \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 7) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Criminal Procedure:}} & Involves the processes for prosecuting individuals accused of crimes, from investigation and arrest to trial and sentencing. \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 5) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Due Process:}} & A constitutional principle that ensures fair treatment through the judicial system, including the right to a fair trial, legal representation, and protection against arbitrary actions by the state. \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 8) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.9908 cm} x{2.9862 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key Concepts in Legal Theory}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Natural Law:}} & The belief that law is based on inherent moral principles, often associated with the idea that certain rights are universal and inalienable. \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} & {\bf{Key Thinkers:}} Thomas Aquinas, John Locke. \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Legal Positivism:}} & The theory that law is a set of rules created by human authorities and is not necessarily linked to morality. Laws are valid if they are enacted by proper authority, regardless of their moral content. \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 9) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} & {\bf{Key Thinkers:}} John Austin, H.L.A. Hart. \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Legal Realism:}} & A perspective that emphasizes the role of social, economic, and political factors in shaping the law and judicial decisions, rather than viewing law as a set of abstract principles. \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 8) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} & {\bf{Key Thinkers:}} Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., Karl Llewellyn. \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 3) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.9908 cm} x{2.9862 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key Concepts in Legal Theory (cont)}} \tn % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Critical Legal Studies:}} & A movement that challenges traditional legal doctrines, arguing that law is not neutral but reflects the interests of powerful groups in society. \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 7) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} & {\bf{Focus Areas:}} Law and society, law and gender, law and race. \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.59264 cm} x{3.38436 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Human Rights and Social Justice}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Human Rights:}} & {\bf{Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948):}} A key international document that outlines fundamental human rights that are to be universally protected. \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} & {\bf{Civil and Political Rights:}} Rights that protect individual freedoms, such as the right to life, freedom of speech, and the right to a fair trial. \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 6) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\bf{Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights:}} Rights related to the conditions necessary to meet basic human needs, such as the right to work, education, and health. \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 6) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Social Justice:}} & The concept that all individuals and groups should have equal access to opportunities, rights, and treatment within society. It addresses issues of inequality, discrimination, and marginalization. \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 8) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Contemporary Legal Issues}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Cyber Law:}} & Addresses legal issues related to the internet and digital technology, including data protection, privacy, cybercrime, and intellectual property in the digital age. \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 8) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Environmental Law:}} & Focuses on regulations and policies designed to protect the environment, addressing issues such as climate change, pollution, and conservation. \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 7) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{International Humanitarian Law:}} & Governs the conduct of armed conflict, protecting those who are not or no longer participating in hostilities, including civilians, prisoners of war, and the wounded. \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 8) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Corporate Law:}} & Regulates the formation, operation, and dissolution of corporations, covering issues such as mergers and acquisitions, corporate governance, and shareholder rights. \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 8) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Legal Profession}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Lawyers (Attorneys, Solicitors, Barristers):}} & {\bf{Roles:}} Provide legal advice, represent clients in court, draft legal documents, and negotiate settlements. \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} & {\bf{Education:}} Typically requires a law degree (e.g., JD in the US, LLB in the UK) and passing a bar examination. \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 6) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\bf{Specializations:}} Lawyers may specialize in areas such as criminal law, corporate law, family law, or intellectual property law. \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 7) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Judges:}} & {\bf{Roles:}} Preside over court proceedings, interpret and apply the law, and make decisions on legal disputes. \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 6) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\bf{Appointment:}} Judges are often appointed or elected and may come from a background in legal practice. \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 6) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Legal Profession (cont)}} \tn % Row 5 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Legal Ethics:}} & The principles and standards that guide the behavior of legal professionals, including confidentiality, conflict of interest, and the duty to represent clients competently and ethically. \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 10) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Conclusion}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The study of law is an exploration of the rules that govern society, reflecting its values, resolving disputes, and protecting rights} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Understanding the historical development, key branches, and contemporary issues in law is essential for appreciating its role in shaping modern civilization} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{As societies evolve, so too does the law, adapting to new challenges and ensuring justice and order in an ever-changing world} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}