\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (intro-to-forensic-science.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (RainyMoons (RainyMoons))
  /Subject (Intro to Forensic Science Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{AE8935}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F9F7F2}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Intro to Forensic Science Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/153402/cs/44276/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}RainyMoons (RainyMoons) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/rainymoons} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 31st August, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.94103 cm} x{3.03597 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Overview}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Definition:}} & Forensic science is the application of scientific principles and techniques to the investigation of crimes. It involves the collection, preservation, and analysis of evidence to assist in legal proceedings. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Scope:}} & Forensic science encompasses a wide range of disciplines, including biology, chemistry, physics, psychology, and digital sciences. It is used to solve crimes, identify perpetrators, and support the justice system. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 9)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{History and Evolution:}} & {\bf{Early Beginnings:}} The use of forensic methods dates back to ancient civilizations, with early examples like fingerprinting in ancient China and forensic medicine in ancient Rome. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 8)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Modern Development:}} The formalization of forensic science began in the 19th century with the establishment of forensic pathology, toxicology, and the use of fingerprint analysis. \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.94103 cm} x{3.03597 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Overview (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Technological Advancements:}} The 20th and 21st centuries have seen significant advancements in forensic technology, including DNA profiling, digital forensics, and advanced imaging techniques. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.14011 cm} x{2.83689 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key Disciplines in Forensic Science}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Forensic Biology:}} & {\bf{DNA Analysis:}} The process of identifying individuals based on their unique genetic makeup. Techniques include STR analysis, mitochondrial DNA analysis, and Y-chromosome analysis. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Serology:}} The study and analysis of bodily fluids, such as blood, semen, and saliva, to identify their presence and source at a crime scene. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Entomology:}} The study of insects to estimate time of death based on the presence and development stages of insects on decomposing bodies. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 7)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Forensic Chemistry:}} & {\bf{Toxicology:}} The analysis of bodily fluids and tissues to detect the presence of drugs, alcohol, poisons, and other toxic substances. \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.14011 cm} x{2.83689 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key Disciplines in Forensic Science (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Drug Analysis:}} The identification of controlled substances found at crime scenes or in a person's possession. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Explosives and Arson Analysis:}} The examination of materials to identify accelerants, residues, and other substances related to explosions and fires. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 7)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Forensic Anthropology:}} & {\bf{Skeletal Analysis:}} The study of human bones to determine identity, cause of death, and other information, such as age, sex, ancestry, and trauma. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 7)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Facial Reconstruction:}} The process of recreating a person's face from their skeletal remains to assist in identification. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 6)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Forensic Pathology:}} & {\bf{Autopsy:}} The medical examination of a body to determine the cause and manner of death. Key components include external examination, internal examination, and toxicology tests. \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.14011 cm} x{2.83689 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key Disciplines in Forensic Science (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Time of Death Estimation:}} Methods include rigor mortis, livor mortis, algor mortis, and forensic entomology. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Forensic Odontology:}} & {\bf{Dental Identification:}} The use of dental records to identify human remains, particularly in cases where the body is decomposed or otherwise unrecognizable. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 8)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Bite Mark Analysis:}} The comparison of bite marks found on victims with the dental impressions of suspects. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 5)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Forensic Toxicology:}} & {\bf{Analysis of Poisons:}} Identifying and quantifying toxins in the body, including drugs, alcohol, and chemicals. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 6)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Postmortem Toxicology:}} Determining the role of substances in a person's death, often involving the analysis of blood, urine, and tissues. \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.14011 cm} x{2.83689 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key Disciplines in Forensic Science (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Forensic Psychology:}} & {\bf{Criminal Profiling:}} The analysis of crime scene evidence to develop a psychological profile of the perpetrator, including likely behavioral patterns and personality traits. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Competency Evaluations:}} Assessing a suspect's mental state to determine their ability to stand trial or their responsibility for their actions at the time of the crime. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 8)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Victimology:}} The study of victims to understand the dynamics of a crime, including the relationship between victim and perpetrator. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 7)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Forensic Digital Analysis:}} & {\bf{Cyber Forensics:}} The investigation of digital devices and networks to uncover evidence related to cybercrimes, including hacking, fraud, and digital piracy. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.14011 cm} x{2.83689 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key Disciplines in Forensic Science (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Mobile Device Forensics:}} The extraction and analysis of data from mobile devices such as phones and tablets, including text messages, call logs, and GPS data. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Network Forensics:}} The monitoring and analysis of network traffic to detect and investigate cyber attacks. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.14011 cm} x{2.83689 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Forensic Process}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Crime Scene Investigation:}} & {\bf{Securing the Scene:}} Ensuring that the crime scene is preserved to prevent contamination of evidence. This includes setting up barriers and controlling access. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Evidence Collection:}} Systematic collection of physical evidence, such as fingerprints, biological samples, weapons, and digital devices. Proper documentation and chain of custody are crucial. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 9)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Documentation:}} Photographing, sketching, and recording detailed notes about the crime scene, including the position of evidence, the condition of the scene, and any observable details. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 9)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Laboratory Analysis:}} & {\bf{Evidence Processing:}} Analysis of collected evidence in forensic laboratories, including chemical tests, DNA profiling, and digital data extraction. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.14011 cm} x{2.83689 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Forensic Process (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Interpretation of Results:}} Forensic scientists analyze the results to draw conclusions about the evidence, such as identifying substances, matching DNA to a suspect, or recovering deleted files. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Reporting and Testimony:}} & {\bf{Forensic Reports:}} Detailed documentation of the methods, findings, and conclusions drawn from the analysis of evidence. These reports are crucial in legal proceedings. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 8)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Expert Witness Testimony:}} Forensic scientists may be called upon to testify in court, explaining the evidence, methods used, and conclusions to the judge and jury. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 8)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.14011 cm} x{2.83689 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Legal and Ethical Considerations}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Chain of Custody:}} & The process of documenting the handling of evidence from the time it is collected until it is presented in court. This ensures that the evidence has not been tampered with and is admissible in court. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 10)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Admissibility of Evidence:}} & {\bf{Frye Standard:}} A legal standard used to determine the admissibility of scientific evidence, based on whether the methodology is generally accepted by the scientific community. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 9)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Daubert Standard:}} A more stringent standard that requires scientific evidence to be not only generally accepted but also tested, peer-reviewed, and with a known error rate. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 8)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Ethical Issues:}} & {\bf{Bias and Objectivity:}} Forensic scientists must remain unbiased and objective, ensuring that their findings are based solely on the evidence and not influenced by external pressures. \tn 
% Row Count 36 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.14011 cm} x{2.83689 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Legal and Ethical Considerations (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Bias and Objectivity:}} Forensic scientists must remain unbiased and objective, ensuring that their findings are based solely on the evidence and not influenced by external pressures. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Reporting of Results:}} Forensic scientists have an ethical obligation to report findings accurately, even if they do not support the case of the party that hired them. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 8)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.94103 cm} x{3.03597 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Advances in Forensic Science}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{DNA Technology:}} & {\bf{Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS):}} Allows for more comprehensive and faster analysis of DNA, including degraded samples, and can provide more detailed genetic information. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Familial DNA Searching:}} Identifying suspects by searching for genetic matches among relatives of individuals in DNA databases. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Forensic Imaging:}} & {\bf{3D Crime Scene Reconstruction:}} Using 3D imaging technology to create accurate models of crime scenes, which can be used in investigations and courtroom presentations. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 8)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Virtual Autopsy:}} Non-invasive autopsies using imaging technologies like CT scans and MRIs to examine the body without traditional dissection. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 7)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Digital Forensics:}} & {\bf{AI and Machine Learning:}} Increasingly used to analyze large datasets, identify patterns in cybercrimes, and automate the process of sorting through digital evidence. \tn 
% Row Count 37 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.94103 cm} x{3.03597 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Advances in Forensic Science (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Blockchain Technology:}} Being explored for use in securing digital evidence and ensuring the integrity of forensic data. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Forensic Anthropology:}} & {\bf{Isotopic Analysis:}} Used to determine the geographic origin and dietary habits of individuals based on chemical signatures in their bones and teeth. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 7)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Bone Microstructure Analysis:}} Advances in microscopy allow for detailed analysis of bone tissue to determine age, health status, and cause of death. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.09034 cm} x{2.88666 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Case Studies in Forensic Science}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{The O.J. Simpson Case:}} & Highlighted the importance of proper evidence handling and the impact of forensic evidence on high-profile trials. Issues with DNA evidence handling and chain of custody were central to the defense's strategy. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 10)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{The Golden State Killer:}} & One of the first major cases solved using familial DNA searching, leading to the identification and arrest of Joseph James DeAngelo decades after the crimes were committed. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 8)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{The Lindbergh Kidnapping:}} & A famous early 20th-century case where forensic document analysis (handwriting analysis) played a key role in convicting Bruno Hauptmann for the kidnapping and murder of Charles Lindbergh Jr. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 9)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Challenges and Future Directions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Challenges:}} & {\bf{Backlogs in Forensic Laboratories:}} The increasing demand for forensic analysis, particularly DNA testing, has led to significant backlogs, delaying investigations and trials. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Misuse of Forensic Science:}} Issues such as wrongful convictions due to flawed forensic testimony, reliance on unvalidated methods, and forensic misconduct continue to challenge the field. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 8)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Forensic Science in Developing Countries:}} Limited resources, lack of trained personnel, and inadequate infrastructure pose significant challenges to the application of forensic science in these regions. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 8)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Future Directions:}} & {\bf{Integration of Interdisciplinary Approaches:}} Combining expertise from various scientific fields (e.g., biology, chemistry, digital sciences) to enhance forensic methodologies. \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Challenges and Future Directions (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Global Standardization:}} Efforts to standardize forensic practices and methodologies worldwide to ensure consistency and reliability in forensic investigations. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Public Engagement and Education:}} Increasing public understanding of forensic science, its capabilities, and its limitations to counteract the misconceptions perpetuated by popular media (e.g., the "CSI Effect"). \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 9)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Conclusion}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Forensic science is a critical component of the modern justice system, providing objective and scientific methods for solving crimes and delivering justice} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The field continues to evolve with technological advancements and interdisciplinary approaches, promising greater accuracy and reliability in forensic investigations} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Understanding the principles, techniques, and ethical considerations of forensic science is essential for anyone involved in the criminal justice system or interested in the application of science to law} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}