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\author{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)}
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  /Title (intro-to-architecture.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (RainyMoons (RainyMoons))
  /Subject (Intro to Architecture Cheat Sheet)
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Intro to Architecture Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/153402/cs/44260/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}RainyMoons (RainyMoons) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/rainymoons} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 30th August, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.34379 cm} x{3.63321 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Overview}}  \tn
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{\bf{Definition:}} & Architecture is the art and science of designing and constructing buildings and other physical structures. It encompasses the planning, design, and construction processes, integrating functionality, aesthetics, and sustainability. \tn 
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{\bf{Scope:}} & Architecture includes residential, commercial, industrial, and public buildings. It also extends to urban planning, landscape architecture, and interior design. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Historical Development of Architecture}}  \tn
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{\bf{Ancient Architecture:}} & {\bf{Egyptian Architecture:}} Characterized by monumental structures such as pyramids, temples, and tombs, with an emphasis on durability and symbolic meaning. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Greek Architecture:}} Noted for its development of classical orders (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian), and influential buildings like the Parthenon. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Roman Architecture:}} Introduced innovations such as the arch, vault, and concrete, seen in structures like the Colosseum and aqueducts. \tn 
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{\bf{Medieval Architecture:}} & {\bf{Romanesque Architecture:}} Characterized by thick walls, round arches, and barrel vaults, often seen in churches and monasteries. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Gothic Architecture:}} Known for its pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses, exemplified by cathedrals like Notre-Dame de Paris. \tn 
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\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Historical Development of Architecture (cont)}}  \tn
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{\bf{Renaissance Architecture:}} & {\bf{Key Figures:}} Filippo Brunelleschi, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Characteristics:}} Emphasized symmetry, proportion, and the use of classical orders. Notable works include St. Peter's Basilica and the Florence Cathedral dome. \tn 
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{\bf{Modern Architecture:}} & {\bf{Early Modern:}} Influenced by industrialization and new materials. Key figures include Le Corbusier, Frank Lloyd Wright (with his "Prairie Style"), and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Postmodernism:}} Reacted against the simplicity of modernism, incorporating historical references, ornamentation, and eclectic styles. \tn 
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{\bf{Contemporary Architecture:}} & {\bf{Characteristics:}} Diverse and innovative approaches, often integrating new technologies, sustainable practices, and global influences. Prominent figures include Zaha Hadid, Frank Gehry, and Norman Foster. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fundamental Principles of Architecture}}  \tn
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{\bf{Form and Function:}} & {\bf{Definition:}} The relationship between a building's design and its intended use. Good architecture achieves a balance between aesthetic form and practical functionality. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Concept:}} "Form follows function" suggests that the shape of a building should be primarily based on its intended purpose. \tn 
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{\bf{Space and Scale:}} & {\bf{Space:}} The use of interior and exterior spaces to create functional and aesthetic experiences. Important concepts include spatial flow, volume, and proportion. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Scale:}} Refers to the size of a building or structure in relation to human dimensions and surrounding environment. \tn 
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{\bf{Materials and Construction:}} & {\bf{Materials:}} The choice of materials affects a building's appearance, durability, and environmental impact. Common materials include wood, concrete, steel, glass, and masonry. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fundamental Principles of Architecture (cont)}}  \tn
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 & {\bf{Construction Methods:}} Traditional methods (e.g., bricklaying, timber framing) and modern techniques (e.g., prefabrication, 3D printing) influence design possibilities. \tn 
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{\bf{Aesthetics and Style:}} & {\bf{Aesthetics:}} The visual and sensory qualities of a building, including proportion, color, texture, and harmony. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Styles:}} Various architectural styles (e.g., Art Deco, Bauhaus, Deconstructivism) reflect cultural, historical, and technological influences. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Architectural Design Process}}  \tn
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{\bf{Pre-Design Phase:}} & {\bf{Client Consultation:}} Understanding the client's needs, goals, and budget. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Site Analysis:}} Evaluating the site's characteristics, including topography, climate, and zoning regulations. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Programming:}} Defining the spatial requirements and functions of the project. \tn 
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{\bf{Conceptual Design:}} & {\bf{Design Development:}} Creating preliminary design concepts, including sketches, models, and design iterations. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Site Planning:}} Arranging the building and its components within the site, considering factors like orientation, views, and access. \tn 
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{\bf{Schematic Design:}} & {\bf{Initial Drawings:}} Developing floor plans, elevations, and sections to illustrate the overall design concept. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Architectural Design Process (cont)}}  \tn
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 & {\bf{Feedback and Revisions:}} Incorporating client and stakeholder feedback to refine the design. \tn 
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{\bf{Design Development:}} & {\bf{Detailed Drawings:}} Producing detailed architectural drawings, including materials, finishes, and construction details. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Coordination:}} Collaborating with engineers, interior designers, and other specialists to integrate various systems. \tn 
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{\bf{Construction Documents:}} & {\bf{Final Plans:}} Creating comprehensive drawings and specifications required for construction, including structural, mechanical, and electrical details. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Bidding and Contracts:}} Preparing documents for contractor selection and establishing contractual agreements. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Architectural Design Process (cont)}}  \tn
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{\bf{Construction Administration:}} & {\bf{Oversight:}} Monitoring construction progress to ensure adherence to design specifications and quality standards. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Inspections:}} Conducting site visits to address issues and verify compliance with design and safety regulations. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Architectural Theory and Criticism}}  \tn
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{\bf{Architectural Theory:}} & {\bf{Conceptual Frameworks:}} Theoretical approaches to understanding and evaluating architecture, including historical, philosophical, and aesthetic perspectives. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Key Theories:}} Modernism, Postmodernism, and Critical Theory, each offering different lenses through which architecture is analyzed and interpreted. \tn 
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{\bf{Architectural Criticism:}} & {\bf{Definition:}} The evaluation and analysis of architectural works, focusing on their design, functionality, and cultural impact. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Methods:}} Includes critical essays, reviews, and academic discussions, often addressing issues such as innovation, context, and user experience. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sustainable Architecture}}  \tn
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{\bf{Definition:}} & Architecture that seeks to minimize environmental impact and promote sustainable living practices. \tn 
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{\bf{Principles:}} & {\bf{Energy Efficiency:}} Designing buildings to reduce energy consumption through passive and active systems, such as insulation, renewable energy sources, and energy-efficient HVAC systems. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Material Selection:}} Using sustainable and locally sourced materials, reducing waste, and incorporating recycled or recyclable materials. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Water Conservation:}} Implementing systems for water recycling, rainwater harvesting, and efficient fixtures to reduce water usage. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Indoor Environmental Quality:}} Enhancing occupant health and comfort through natural light, ventilation, and non-toxic materials. \tn 
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{\bf{Certifications:}} & {\bf{LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design):}} A widely recognized green building certification system. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sustainable Architecture (cont)}}  \tn
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 & {\bf{BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method):}} A sustainability assessment method for master planning projects, infrastructure, and buildings. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Urban Planning and Design}}  \tn
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{\bf{Definition:}} & The process of designing and regulating the use of land and resources in urban areas to create functional, sustainable, and aesthetically pleasing environments. \tn 
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{\bf{Components:}} & {\bf{Land Use Planning:}} Allocating areas for residential, commercial, industrial, and recreational purposes. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Transportation Planning:}} Designing efficient transportation systems, including roads, public transit, and pedestrian pathways. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Public Spaces:}} Creating and maintaining parks, plazas, and other communal areas that enhance quality of life. \tn 
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{\bf{Challenges:}} & {\bf{Urban Sprawl:}} Managing uncontrolled expansion of urban areas. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Sustainability:}} Balancing development with environmental and social considerations. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Affordable Housing:}} Ensuring access to housing for diverse populations. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Emerging Trends in Architecture}}  \tn
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{\bf{Smart Buildings:}} & {\bf{Definition:}} Structures equipped with advanced technology to improve functionality, efficiency, and user experience. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Features:}} Automated systems for lighting, climate control, security, and energy management. \tn 
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{\bf{Parametric Design:}} & {\bf{Definition:}} A design approach that uses algorithms and computational tools to create complex and adaptable forms. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Applications:}} Used for creating innovative architectural shapes and optimizing building performance. \tn 
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{\bf{Biophilic Design:}} & {\bf{Definition:}} Integrating natural elements into architectural design to enhance well-being and connection to nature. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Examples:}} Incorporating natural light, green walls, indoor gardens, and natural materials. \tn 
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{\bf{Adaptive Reuse:}} & {\bf{Definition:}} Repurposing existing buildings for new uses, preserving historical value while addressing contemporary needs. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Emerging Trends in Architecture (cont)}}  \tn
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 & {\bf{Benefits:}} Reduces waste, conserves resources, and maintains cultural heritage. \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Conclusion}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The study of architecture is a multidisciplinary field that integrates artistic vision, scientific principles, and practical considerations to create functional, aesthetic, and sustainable structures} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{From historical precedents to contemporary innovations, architecture continually evolves, reflecting cultural values, technological advancements, and environmental challenges} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Understanding architecture involves exploring its historical development, fundamental principles, design processes, and emerging trends, providing a comprehensive perspective on how the built environment shapes and is shaped by human experience} \tn 
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% That's all folks
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