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  /Title (international-relations.pdf)
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  /Author (RainyMoons (RainyMoons))
  /Subject (International Relations Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{International Relations Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/153402/cs/44089/}}}
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  \vspace{-2pt}RainyMoons (RainyMoons) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/rainymoons} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 13th August, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Intro}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{International Relations (IR) is the study of the interactions between states, international organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and other global actors.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{It examines the complexities of global politics, power dynamics, conflict, diplomacy, and cooperation} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{This field is crucial for understanding how the global system functions, how states interact with one another, and how global challenges are managed} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Understanding International Relations}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Definition and Scope}}: International Relations is an interdisciplinary field that encompasses the study of politics, history, economics, law, and sociology on a global scale. It involves analyzing the behavior of states, the role of international institutions, and the impact of non-state actors in global affairs.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Importance of International Relations}}: IR is vital for understanding global peace and conflict, economic interdependence, human rights, and environmental issues. It helps policymakers, scholars, and the public to comprehend and navigate the complexities of global politics.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Realism Approach}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Key Concepts}}: Realism is centered on the idea that the international system is anarchic, meaning there is no overarching authority above states. States are the primary actors, driven by the pursuit of power and national interest.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Major Thinkers}}: Thomas Hobbes, Niccolò Machiavelli, Hans Morgenthau.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Key Principles}}: Realism emphasizes the inevitability of conflict, the importance of military power, and the concept of balance of power as a means to prevent war.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Liberalism Approach}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Key Concepts}}: Liberalism argues that cooperation is possible in international relations through institutions, democracy, and trade. It focuses on the role of international organizations, economic interdependence, and the spread of democratic values.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Major Thinkers}}: John Locke, Immanuel Kant, Woodrow Wilson.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Key Principles}}: Liberalism promotes the idea that international law, institutions like the United Nations, and economic cooperation can lead to a more peaceful and prosperous world.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Constructivism Approach}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Key Concepts}}: Constructivism emphasizes the role of ideas, identities, and norms in shaping international relations. It argues that the international system is socially constructed, and that state behavior is influenced by historical, cultural, and social factors.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Major Thinkers}}: Alexander Wendt, John Ruggie, Martha Finnemore.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Key Principles}}: Constructivism challenges the materialist assumptions of realism and liberalism, highlighting how perceptions and beliefs shape global politics.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Marxism \& Critical Theories}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Key Concepts}}: Marxist theory views international relations through the lens of class struggle and economic exploitation. It argues that global capitalism perpetuates inequality and conflict.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Major Thinkers}}: Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Antonio Gramsci.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Key Principles}}: Critical theories, including Marxism, question the power structures and inequalities in the global system, focusing on the role of capitalism, imperialism, and global inequality.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Feminism in IR}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Key Concepts}}: Feminist theories in IR highlight how international politics is shaped by gendered power dynamics. They critique the traditionally male-dominated perspectives in the field and emphasize the importance of gender in global issues.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Major Thinkers}}: Cynthia Enloe, J. Ann Tickner, Christine Sylvester.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Key Principles}}: Feminist IR seeks to uncover the ways in which global politics affect men and women differently, advocating for the inclusion of gender as a critical lens in analyzing international relations.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Westphalian System (1648)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Treaty of Westphalia}}: Marked the beginning of the modern state system, establishing the principles of state sovereignty and non-interference in the internal affairs of other states. This treaty ended the Thirty Years' War in Europe and laid the foundation for the current international order.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The 19th Century: Balance of Power}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The 19th century was characterized by the European balance of power system, where major powers, such as Britain, France, and Austria, sought to prevent any one state from dominating the continent. The Congress of Vienna (1815) aimed to maintain this balance and prevent large-scale wars in Europe.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The World Wars and the League of Nations}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{World War I (1914-1918)}}: The war led to unprecedented devastation and the collapse of empires. The aftermath saw the creation of the League of Nations, an early attempt at collective security, though it ultimately failed to prevent World War II.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{World War II (1939-1945)}}: The war reshaped global politics, leading to the establishment of the United Nations (UN) and the beginning of the Cold War.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Cold War (1947-1991)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Bipolarity}}: The Cold War was characterized by a bipolar international system, with the United States and the Soviet Union as the two superpowers. The competition between these powers led to proxy wars, nuclear arms races, and ideological conflicts.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Containment and Detente}}: U.S. policy focused on containing the spread of communism, while periods of détente saw reduced tensions and arms control agreements, such as the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT).} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{End of the Cold War}}: The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of the Cold War and the beginning of a unipolar moment, with the United States as the predominant global power.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Post-Cold War Era and Globalization}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Unipolarity}}: The 1990s saw the U.S. as the dominant global power, promoting liberal democracy and economic globalization. However, this period also witnessed ethnic conflicts, humanitarian interventions, and the rise of non-state actors.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Globalization}}: The post-Cold War era saw increased global interconnectedness, with advances in technology, trade, and communication. Globalization has reshaped international relations, creating new opportunities and challenges, such as transnational terrorism and economic inequality.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Security and Conflict}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Nuclear Proliferation}}: The spread of nuclear weapons remains a significant concern, with efforts to prevent proliferation through treaties like the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and diplomatic negotiations, such as the Iran nuclear deal.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Terrorism}}: The rise of global terrorism, particularly after the 9/11 attacks, has transformed international security, leading to the War on Terror and ongoing conflicts in the Middle East and beyond.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Cybersecurity}}: In the digital age, cybersecurity has become a critical issue, with states and non-state actors using cyberattacks to disrupt, steal, or influence.} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{International Organizations \& Global Governance}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{The United Nations}}: The UN plays a central role in maintaining international peace and security, promoting human rights, and facilitating cooperation on global issues like climate change and development.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{International Financial Institutions}}: Organizations like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank are crucial in managing the global economy, though they are often criticized for promoting neoliberal policies that may exacerbate inequalities.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Regional Organizations}}: Entities like the European Union (EU), African Union (AU), and ASEAN play important roles in regional governance, trade, and security.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Human Rights \& Humanitarian Issues}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Human Rights Violations}}: Ongoing issues include political repression, genocide, and violations of civil liberties in various parts of the world. International human rights organizations and treaties aim to address these abuses, though enforcement remains challenging.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Humanitarian Interventions}}: The international community has sometimes intervened in sovereign states to prevent or stop human rights abuses, leading to debates over sovereignty, responsibility, and the effectiveness of such interventions.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Global Economy \& Trade}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Globalization}}: The integration of global markets has led to economic growth, but also to challenges such as inequality, labor exploitation, and environmental degradation. Trade agreements like NAFTA and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) shape economic relations between states.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Economic Crises}}: Global financial crises, such as the 2008 recession, demonstrate the interconnectedness of global economies and the potential for widespread economic disruption.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Environmental Issues}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Climate Change}}: As one of the most pressing global challenges, climate change requires international cooperation to mitigate its impacts. Agreements like the Paris Accord represent efforts to address this issue, though achieving consensus and compliance remains difficult.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Sustainable Development}}: The concept of sustainable development emphasizes the need to balance economic growth with environmental protection and social equity. The UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a framework for addressing these challenges on a global scale.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Shifting Power Dynamics}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The rise of China and the reassertion of Russia as global powers challenge the unipolar world order dominated by the United States. This shift could lead to new power dynamics, alliances, and conflicts in the international system.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Multipolarity}}: The future of international relations may involve a multipolar world with multiple influential states and regional powers, leading to a more complex and potentially unstable global order.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Non-State Actors}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Transnational Corporations (TNCs)}}: Corporations like Google, Amazon, and Apple wield significant power, influencing global politics, economics, and technology.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{NGOs and Civil Society}}: Non-governmental organizations, activists, and social movements play increasingly important roles in advocating for human rights, environmental protection, and social justice on a global scale.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Technological Advancements}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Artificial Intelligence and Automation}}: Advances in technology could reshape international relations, affecting everything from warfare and espionage to economic production and labor markets.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Space Exploration}}: The increasing involvement of private companies and new state actors in space exploration raises questions about the future of space governance, militarization, and resource exploitation.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Global Governance Challenges}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The effectiveness of global governance institutions will be tested by issues such as pandemics, climate change, cyber threats, and the spread of authoritarianism. The ability of the international community to cooperate and adapt will be crucial in addressing these challenges.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Conclusion}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{International Relations is a dynamic and multifaceted field that provides essential insights into the workings of the global system} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{By understanding the theories, historical context, and key issues in IR, we can better comprehend the complexities of global politics and contribute to the pursuit of peace, security, and justice in the world} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{As we move forward, the study of international relations will remain crucial in navigating the challenges and opportunities of an increasingly interconnected and interdependent world} \tn 
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% That's all folks
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