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  /Title (criminology-theories-in-mkultra.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (RainyMoons (RainyMoons))
  /Subject (Criminology Theories in MKULTRA Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Criminology Theories in MKULTRA Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
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   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 15th August, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{State Crime Theory}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Core Idea:}} & States can commit crimes when they violate domestic or international law, or fundamental human rights, through action or omission \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
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{\bf{Key Figures:}} & Stanley Cohen – states of denial. \tn 
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 & Penny Green \& Tony Ward – state crime and human rights. \tn 
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% Row 3
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{\bf{MKULTRA Relevance:}} & Conducted illegal human experimentation, often without consent, violating the Nuremberg Code (1947). \tn 
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% Row 4
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 & Activities were concealed through classification, false reporting, and destruction of records. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
% Row 5
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 & Illustrates state-corporate crime — CIA partnered with universities, hospitals, and pharmaceutical companies. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 5)
% Row 6
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{\bf{Analytical Point:}} & Shows how states can justify illegal acts under the guise of national security. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Differential Association Theory}}  \tn
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{\bf{Core Idea:}} & Criminal behaviour is learned through interaction with others \tn 
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% Row 1
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{\bf{Key Figure:}} & Edwin H Sutherland \tn 
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% Row 2
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{\bf{MKULTRA Relevance:}} & Operatives, scientists, and doctors working on MKULTRA learned techniques of deception, coercion, and non-consensual experimentation from one another. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 6)
% Row 3
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 & Created a subculture where ethical norms were inverted — illegal actions were normalised as patriotic duty. \tn 
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{\bf{Analytical Point:}} & Professional networks and covert culture reinforced deviant methods. \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Neutralisation Theory}}  \tn
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{\bf{Core Idea:}} & Offenders use justifications to neutralise guilt and maintain a positive self-image. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
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{\bf{Key Figures:}} & Gresham Sykes \& David Matza \tn 
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{\bf{MKULTRA Relevance:}} & Denial of Injury: "The greater good of national security outweighs harm to individuals." \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
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 & Appeal to Higher Loyalties: "Protecting America from communism justifies extreme measures." \tn 
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 & Denial of Victim: Subjects seen as expendable or as enemy sympathisers. \tn 
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{\bf{Analytical Point:}} & These rationalisations helped participants continue unethical work without moral breakdown. \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Strain Theory}}  \tn
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{\bf{Core Idea:}} & Crime can result from the pressure to achieve societal goals when legitimate means are blocked. \tn 
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% Row 1
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{\bf{Key Figure:}} & Robert K. Merton \tn 
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{\bf{MKULTRA Relevance:}} & Cold War paranoia created pressure to achieve perfect interrogation/mind control techniques before the Soviets. \tn 
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% Row 3
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 & CIA saw "normal" scientific progress as too slow — resorted to illicit, high-risk experimentation. \tn 
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% Row 4
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{\bf{Analytical Point:}} & Shows how Cold War competition functioned as a structural strain encouraging deviance. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Techniques of State Secrecy}}  \tn
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{\bf{Core Idea:}} & Powerful actors use secrecy, bureaucracy, and manipulation of law to conceal wrongdoing \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
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{\bf{Key Figures:}} & Jock Young – criminology of the powerful \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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 & Laureen Snider – corporate/state crime cover-ups \tn 
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{\bf{MKULTRA Relevance:}} & Use of front organisations, code names, and fragmented funding streams to hide activities. \tn 
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 & Destruction of records in 1973 to prevent exposure during Watergate climate. \tn 
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 & Manipulating research grants to universities to mask the true purpose. \tn 
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{\bf{Analytical Point:}} & Demonstrates how state power enables crimes that ordinary citizens cannot commit or hide. \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Victimology}}  \tn
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{\bf{Core Idea:}} & The study of victims and victimisation patterns \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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{\bf{MKULTRA Relevance:}} & Many subjects came from vulnerable groups: psychiatric patients, prisoners, sex workers, addicts, homeless individuals. \tn 
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% Row 2
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 & The CIA targeted those with low social capital to minimise backlash. \tn 
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 & Victims were often unaware they had been experimented on until decades later. \tn 
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{\bf{Analytical Point:}} & MKULTRA shows structural victimisation — harm inflicted on those least able to resist or seek justice. \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Organisational Deviance}}  \tn
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{\bf{Core Idea:}} & When illegal or unethical practices become embedded in an organisation's culture \tn 
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% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Key Figures:}} & Diane Vaughan (The Challenger Launch Decision) \tn 
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% Row 2
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{\bf{MKULTRA Relevance:}} & Deviant practices institutionalised within CIA's Technical Services Division. \tn 
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% Row 3
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 & The culture rewarded secrecy, operational success, and innovation — not legality or ethics. \tn 
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% Row 4
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{\bf{Analytical Point:}} & The deviance was not a rogue act, but part of CIA's operational DNA. \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Routine Activity Theory}}  \tn
% Row 0
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{\bf{Core Idea:}} & Crime occurs when motivated offenders, suitable targets, and lack of capable guardians converge \tn 
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% Row 1
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{\bf{Key Figures:}} & Lawrence Cohen \& Marcus Felson \tn 
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{\bf{MKULTRA Relevance:}} & Motivated Offenders: CIA operatives/scientists seeking Cold War advantage. \tn 
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 & Suitable Targets: Vulnerable human subjects. \tn 
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 & Absence of Guardians: Lack of oversight from Congress, courts, or public. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 5
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{\bf{Analytical Point:}} & Secrecy acted as both a motivator and a shield against accountability. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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% That's all folks
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