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\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{Rahil (rahilkasimi)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (sql.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Rahil (rahilkasimi))
  /Subject (SQL Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{SQL Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Rahil (rahilkasimi)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/102433/cs/32112/}}}
\end{tabulary}
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\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Rahil (rahilkasimi) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/rahilkasimi} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 17th May, 2022.\\
   Updated 17th May, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{4.3862 cm} x{6.2419 cm} x{6.2419 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{COMMANDS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{COMMAND}}\{\{width=15\}\} & {\bf{CODE}}\{\{width=50\}\} & {\bf{DESCRIPTION}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Create & CREATE DATABASE \textless{}DATABASE NAME\textgreater{}\{\{nl\}\} CREATE TABLE \textless{}TABLE NAME\textgreater{} & used to create a new database or table \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Drop & DROP DATABASE \textless{}DATABASE NAME\textgreater{}\{\{nl\}\}DROP TABLE \textless{}TABLE NAME\textgreater{} & used to delete an existing database or table \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Truncate & TRUNCATE TABLE \textless{}TABLE NAME\textgreater{} & used to delete information in the table but doesn t delete the table itself \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Alter & ALTER TABLE \textless{}TABLE NAME\textgreater{}\{\{nl\}\} ADD \textless{}COLUMN NAME\textgreater{} \textless{}DATA TYPE\textgreater{} \{\{nl\}\}ALTER TABLE \textless{}TABLE NAME\textgreater{} \{\{nl\}\}DROP COLUMN \textless{}COLUMN NAME\textgreater{} \{\{nl\}\}ALTER TABLE \textless{}TABLE NAME\textgreater{} \{\{nl\}\}ALTER COLUMN \textless{}COLUMN NAME\textgreater{} \textless{}DATA TYPE\textgreater{} & used to delete, add or modify constraints or columns in a table \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 15)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{4.3862 cm} x{6.2419 cm} x{6.2419 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{COMMANDS (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Backup & BACKUP DATABASE \textless{}DATABASE NAME\textgreater{} \{\{nl\}\}TO DISK = '\textless{}PATH\textgreater{}' & used to create a backup on an existing database \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
Insert & INSERT INTO \textless{}TABLE NAME\textgreater{} (\textless{}COLUMN1\textgreater{}, ....)\{\{nl\}\}VALUES (\textless{}VALUE1\textgreater{}, ....) & used to insert new tuples (rows) in a table\{\{nl\}\}{\emph{*you do not need to specify all columns if you will add values for all the columns}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 10)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Delete & DELETE FROM \textless{}TABLE NAME\textgreater{}\{\{nl\}\} WHERE \textless{}CONDITION\textgreater{} & used to delete tuples (rows) from a table\{\{nl\}\} {\emph{*if you don t add the WHERE clause, all rows will be deleted}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 8)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
Update & UPDATE \textless{}TABLE NAME\textgreater{}\{\{nl\}\} SET \textless{}COLUMN NAME\textgreater{} = \textless{}NEW VALUE\textgreater{} \{\{nl\}\}WHERE \textless{}CONDITION\textgreater{} & used to modify existing records in a table \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 6)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Select & SELECT \textless{}ATTRIBUTE LIST\textgreater{}\{\{nl\}\} FROM \textless{}TABLE NAME\textgreater{} \{\{nl\}\}WHERE \textless{}CONDITION\textgreater{} & used to select data from a table \{\{nl\}\}{\emph{*if you want all attributes of a table use (*)}} \tn 
% Row Count 36 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{4.3862 cm} x{6.2419 cm} x{6.2419 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{COMMANDS (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Union, Intersect, Except & \textless{}FIRST SELECT STATEMENT\textgreater{} \{\{nl\}\}UNION / INTERSECT / EXCEPT \{\{nl\}\}\textless{}SECOND SELECT STATEMENT\textgreater{} & equivalent to the set operations: union, intersection and difference. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
In & SELECT \textless{}ATTRIBUTE LIST\textgreater{}\{\{nl\}\}FROM \textless{}TABLE NAME\textgreater{}\{\{nl\}\}WHERE \textless{}VALUE\textgreater{} IN \textless{}ANOTHER SELECT QUERY\textgreater{} & compares a value with a set of values, returns true if the value is one of the elements of the set. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 8)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Null & \textless{}ATTRIBUTE NAME\textgreater{} IS (NOT) NULL & used to check whether a value is NULL \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
Join & SELECT \textless{}ATTRIBUTES LIST\textgreater{} \{\{nl\}\}FROM \textless{}TABLE 1\textgreater{} JOIN \textless{}TABLE 2\textgreater{} \{\{nl\}\}ON \textless{}JOIN CONDITION\textgreater{} \{\{nl\}\}WHERE \textless{}SELECTION CONDITION\textgreater{} & used to join two tables based on a related column between them \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 9)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Assertion & CREATE ASSERTION \textless{}ASSERTION NAME\textgreater{} \{\{nl\}\}CHECK (\textless{}CONDITION\textgreater{}) & used to ensure a certain condition is always met in the database \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 5)
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\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{4.3862 cm} x{6.2419 cm} x{6.2419 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{COMMANDS (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 15
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Trigger & CREATE TRIGGER \textless{}TRIGGER NAME\textgreater{} \{\{nl\}\}BEFORE / AFTER \{\{nl\}\}INSERT / UPDATE / DELETE \{\{nl\}\}ON \textless{}TABLE NAME\textgreater{} \{\{nl\}\}FOR EACH ROW \{\{nl\}\}\textless{}TRIGGER BODY\textgreater{} & Triggers are activated when a defined action is executed for the table \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 11)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
Data Types & {\bf{Numeric}} - INT, SMALLINT, DECIMAL(i, j) \{\{nl\}\}{\bf{String}} - CHAR, CHAR(n), VARCHAR(n) \{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Bit Sring}} - BIT, BIT(n) \{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Date and Time}} - DATE, TIME, TIME(i) \{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Timestamp}} -TIMESTAMP &  \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 15)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Referential} Triggered Action & ON DELETE \textless{}OPTION\textgreater{} \{\{nl\}\}ON UPDATE \textless{}OPTION\textgreater{} & used to set what happens on updating or deleting a tuple (row) in the database that references another row  \{\{nl\}\}{\bf{OPTIONS:}} \{\{nl\}\}SET NULL \{\{nl\}\}SET DEFAULT \{\{nl\}\}CASCADE \tn 
% Row Count 39 (+ 13)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{4.3862 cm} x{6.2419 cm} x{6.2419 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{COMMANDS (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Renaming \seqsplit{(Aliasing)} & \textless{}TABLE NAME\textgreater{} AS \textless{}NEW TABLE NAME\textgreater{} \{\{nl\}\}(\textless{}NEW ATTRIBUTE 1 NAME\textgreater{}, .....) & Relation and attribute names can be renamed for conenience or to remove ambiguity using the keyword AS \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
Cross Product (,) & SELECT \textless{}ATTRIBUTE LIST\textgreater{} \{\{nl\}\}FROM \textless{}TABLE 1\textgreater{}, \textless{}TABLE 2\textgreater{} & used to produce a result table that has the number of rows of the first table multiplied by the number of rows of the second table \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 10)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Duplicates} & SELECT ALL \textless{}ATTRIBUTE LIST\textgreater{} \{\{nl\}\}FROM \textless{}TABLE NAME\textgreater{}  \textless{}ATTRIBUTE\textgreater{} LIKE \textless{}PATTERN\textgreater{}  \textless{}ATTRIBUTE NAME\textgreater{} IS (NOT) NULL  \{\{nl\}\}SELECT \textless{}ATTRIBUTES LIST\textgreater{} \{\{nl\}\}FROM \textless{}TABLE 1\textgreater{} JOIN \textless{}TABLE 2\textgreater{} ON \textless{}JOIN CONDITION\textgreater{} WHERE \textless{}SELECTION CONDITION\textgreater{}  SELECT DISTINCT \textless{}ATTRIBUTE LIST\textgreater{} FROM \textless{}TABLE NAME\textgreater{} & {\bf{DISTINCT}} is used to eliminate duplicates  \{\{nl\}\}{\bf{ALL}} is used to allow duplicates {\emph{*SELECT without ALL or DISTINCT is equivalent to ALL}} \tn 
% Row Count 38 (+ 20)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{4.3862 cm} x{6.2419 cm} x{6.2419 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{COMMANDS (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
String \seqsplit{Comparisons} & \textless{}ATTRIBUTE\textgreater{} LIKE \textless{}PATTERN\textgreater{} & {\bf{LIKE}} is used for string comparisoJ \{\{nl\}\}(\%) replaces an arbitary number of characters \{\{nl\}\}(\_) replaces one character \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Arithmetic} Operators & \# (+) add  ~~~~~~~~~~\# (*) multiply \{\{nl\}\}\# ( ) subtract ~~~~~\# (/) divide &  \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 11)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Ordering & \textless{}SELECT STATEMENT\textgreater{} \{\{nl\}\}ORDER BY \textless{}ATTRIBUTE\textgreater{} \textless{}ASC / DESC\textgreater{} & {\bf{ORDER BY}} is used to order the resulting tuples  \{\{nl\}\}The keyword {\bf{ASC}} (ascending) and {\bf{DESC}} can be used. {\emph{*The default is ASC (ascending)}} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 11)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{4.3862 cm} x{6.2419 cm} x{6.2419 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{COMMANDS (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Set \seqsplit{Comparisons} & SELECT \textless{}ATTRIBUTE LIST\textgreater{} \{\{nl\}\}FROM \textless{}TABLE NAME\textgreater{} \{\{nl\}\}WHERE \textless{}VALUE\textgreater{} \textgreater{} ALL / ANY \textless{}ANOTHER SELECT QUERY\textgreater{} & {\bf{ANY}} and {\bf{ALL}} can be used with (=, \textgreater{}, \textgreater{}=, \textless{}, \textless{}=, \textless{}\textgreater{}) to compare a value with a set  \{\{nl\}\}{\bf{\#CONTAINS}} Compares two sets and returns true if one set contains the other \{\{nl\}\}{\bf{\#EXISTS}} It checks whether the result of a nested query is empty or not \{\{nl\}\}{\bf{\#UNIQUE}} checks if the table has duplicates \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 22)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
Aggregate Functions &  & {\bf{\#COUNT}} -  Counts how many rows in a particular column \{\{nl\}\}{\bf{\#SUM}} - adds together all the values in a particular column \{\{nl\}\}{\bf{\#MIN}} returns the minumum value in a column \{\{nl\}\}{\bf{\#MAX}} returns the maximum value in a column \{\{nl\}\}{\bf{\#AVG}} - returns the average of a group of selected values \tn 
% Row Count 44 (+ 22)
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{4.3862 cm} x{6.2419 cm} x{6.2419 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{COMMANDS (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Types of Join &  & Inner join\{\{nl\}\}Left Join\{\{nl\}\}Right Join\{\{nl\}\}Full Outer Join \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{17.67cm}}{Credit: @yosracodes}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}



\end{document}