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\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
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% Document Info
\author{racheleva}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (eiot-3.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (racheleva)
  /Subject (EIOT 3 Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{EIOT 3 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{racheleva} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/217931/cs/48030/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}racheleva \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/racheleva} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 29th April, 2026.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{IOT system}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Components}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Devices/Sensors → collect data \{\{nl\}\}Connectivity → WiFi, Bluetooth, etc. \{\{nl\}\}Data Processing → edge/cloud \{\{nl\}\}Application → user interface} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Architecture Layers}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Perception }}→ sensing (sensors, actuators) & Sensors; Actuators; RFID tags and readers; Embedded devices; Microcontrollers \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Network }}→ data transmission & Routers; Gateways; Communication modules; Internet infrastructure \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Communication Technologies & Wi-Fi; Bluetooth; ZigBee \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Protocols Used & MQTT; CoAP; HTTP; AMQP \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Processing }}→ storage, analytics & Cloud, edge computing, databases \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Application }}→ user services} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Sensors vs Actuators}}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Sensors }}→ input (temperature, light) \{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Actuators}} → output (motor, relay)} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{IoT protocols}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{reliable and efficient communication} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{data transfer, interoperability, low power usage, low latency and security} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Protocol Stack}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Link Layer: }}Physical communication (Wi-Fi, ZigBee)} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Network Layer: }}Addressing and routing (IPv6, 6LoWPAN)} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Transport Layer: }}Reliable or fast data transfer (TCP/UDP)} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Application Layer: }}IoT protocols (MQTT, CoAP, HTTP, AMQP)} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.23965 cm} x{2.73735 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arduino}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{function}} - interface sensors + actuators; execute control logic; communicate with cloud + devices (data)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{microcontroller based; uses Wifi/ bluetooth} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{setup()}} - initialize settings; executes once} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{loop()}} - continuously; repeatedly} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{GPIO}} - interact with external devices; input from sensors; output to actuators} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Arduino IDE}} - write, compile, and upload programs (sketches); syntax checking, library support, and serial monitor} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{types of Arduino}} - 1. Arduino Uno (basic), 2. Mega 2560 (more I/O pins + memory), 3. Nano (compact), 4. MKR WiFi 1010 (WiFi) 5. Uno WiFi Rev2 (WiFi)} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Arduino shields}} - add-on boards; extend functionalityWi-Fi, Bluetooth, motor control, and sensor interfacing (without complex wiring)} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{interface sensor with arduino}} & VCC → 5V/3.3V  \{\{nl\}\}GND → GND  \{\{nl\}\}Output → Analog/Digital pin (e.g., A0 or D2) \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Connect sensor to Arduino → Configure pin → Read sensor data → Process and use data} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Data acquisition}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Sensor → Arduino reads data → Processes values → Displays results} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Components Required }}\{\{nl\}\}1. Arduino Uno / Nano \{\{nl\}\}2. Temperature Sensor (LM35 / DHT11) or LDR \{\{nl\}\}3. 16×2 LCD Display (or Serial Monitor)\{\{nl\}\}4. Resistors and connecting wires \{\{nl\}\}5. Breadboard \{\{nl\}\}6. Power supply} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{int sensorPin = A0;\{\{nl\}\} float temperature;\{\{nl\}\} void setup() \{\{\{nl\}\} Serial.begin(9600);\{\{nl\}\} \}\{\{nl\}\} void loop() \{\{\{nl\}\} int sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin);\{\{nl\}\} temperature = sensorValue * 0.488;\{\{nl\}\} \seqsplit{Serial.print("Temperature:} ");\{\{nl\}\} Serial.print(temperature);\{\{nl\}\}delay(1000);\{\{nl\}\} \}\{\{nl\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arduino Toolchain}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Toolchain = set of tools to write, compile, upload, debug programs} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Components}}\{\{nl\}\}Arduino IDE → write code (sketch)\{\{nl\}\} Editor → C/C++ code writing\{\{nl\}\} Compiler → converts code → HEX file\{\{nl\}\} Uploader → uploads to Arduino\{\{nl\}\} Hardware → executes program} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Program Development Flow}}\{\{nl\}\}Write code (setup(), loop()) → Compile (error checking) → Upload to board → Execute on hardware} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Debugging Methods}}\{\{nl\}\} Serial Monitor → print values\{\{nl\}\} Serial Plotter → graph output\{\{nl\}\} LED indicators → check flow} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Importance}}\{\{nl\}\} Simplifies embedded programming\{\{nl\}\} Detects errors automatically\{\{nl\}\} Enables quick upload\{\{nl\}\} Supports libraries\{\{nl\}\} Helps debugging\{\{nl\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arduino I/O Concepts}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Digital I/O}}\{\{nl\}\} Operates in two states: HIGH (1), LOW (0)\{\{nl\}\} Digital Input → binary signals from sensors\{\{nl\}\} Digital Output → controls actuators (LED, relay, buzzer)\{\{nl\}\} Functions: digitalRead(), digitalWrite()} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Analog I/O}}\{\{nl\}\} Handles continuous signals (0–5V)\{\{nl\}\} Analog Input → uses ADC to convert signal (0–1023)\{\{nl\}\} Function: analogRead()} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Analog Output (PWM)}}\{\{nl\}\} Simulates analog signal using PWM\{\{nl\}\} Range: 0–255\{\{nl\}\} Function: analogWrite()} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Interfacing in IoT}}\{\{nl\}\} Sensors → input via digital/analog pins\{\{nl\}\} Actuators → controlled via output pins\{\{nl\}\} Flow: Sensor → Arduino → Processing → Actuator} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Challenges}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Challenges in Arduino-based IoT Systems}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Voltage mismatch between devices\{\{nl\}\} Limited GPIO pins\{\{nl\}\} Signal noise and inaccurate readings\{\{nl\}\} Power supply constraints\{\{nl\}\} Timing and synchronization issues\{\{nl\}\} Limited memory and processing capability\{\{nl\}\} Communication failures (WiFi/Bluetooth)\{\{nl\}\} Scalability issues for large systems\{\{nl\}\} Debugging difficulties\{\{nl\}\} Environmental effects on sensors\{\{nl\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 8)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Effectiveness of Arduino}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.71009 cm} x{1.33664 cm} x{1.33664 cm} p{0.79363 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Comparison}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Feature}} & {\bf{Arduino}} & {\bf{Raspberry Pi}} & {\bf{ESP32 / ESP8266}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Ease of Use & Very Easy & Moderate & \seqsplit{Moderate} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cost & Low & High & Very Low \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Processing} & Low & High & Medium \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Connectivity} & External & Built-in & \seqsplit{Built-in} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Power \seqsplit{Consumption} & Low & High & Medium \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Real-Time} & Excellent & Poor & Good \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Scalability} & Limited & High & \seqsplit{Moderate} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Memory} \seqsplit{Capacity} & Limited & High & \seqsplit{Moderate} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Suitability} & Small- scale IoT, control systems & Data- intensive IoT \seqsplit{applications} & \seqsplit{Wireless} IoT nodes \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PART C}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Arduino IoT Temp \& Humidity System}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{System Components}}\{\{nl\}\} Arduino Uno\{\{nl\}\} DHT11/DHT22 sensor\{\{nl\}\} ESP8266 WiFi module\{\{nl\}\} Power supply\{\{nl\}\} Cloud platform (ThingSpeak/AWS)} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Block Flow}}\{\{nl\}\}  Sensor → Arduino → WiFi → Cloud → User} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Program}}\{\{nl} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}