\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{qiefndvkdfijejcd} \pdfinfo{ /Title (databases.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (qiefndvkdfijejcd) /Subject (Databases Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{BDBDBD} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F6F6F6} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Databases Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{qiefndvkdfijejcd} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/20729/cs/3617/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}qiefndvkdfijejcd \\ \uline{cheatography.com/qiefndvkdfijejcd} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 13th May, 2016.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{2} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Basic Info}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Collection of data elements stored in a computer in a systematic way} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Reliable storage and recovery of data} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Support for concurrent users} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Programmer shouldn't need to know how its stored} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Only needs to interact with logical model} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Building a database} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Start with conceptual model-\textgreater{} Build schemas from this -\textgreater{} Write applications using DBMS -\textgreater{} DBMS takes care of query optimization} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{SQL}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Null rules:} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{If all are null then its a null result} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{If only some are null then they are discarded} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{For count, nulls are counted} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Normal Forms}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{BCNF: For every FD, X-\textgreater{}A, A is in X, or X is a superkey for R} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Sometimes not dependency preserving} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{3NF: For every FD, X-\textgreater{}A, A is in X, or X is a superkey, or A is a member of some key} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{1NF: Each entry is a discrete value} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{3NF decomposition guarantees both lossless and dependency preservation} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Transactions}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 0 (+ 0) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{E-R Diagrams}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Attributes are only connected to entities and relationships} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Keys are attributes that uniquely identify entries} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Number of columns in a relationship is the arity} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Domain is where the values of an attribute: string, int, etc..} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Candidate key: May have several} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Primary key: The one key that is chosen to represent a tuple} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Super key: A set of fields that include a key} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Foreign key: Set of fields in one table that refer to the key in another relation} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Entries can only be connected by relationships} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Arrow is placed from many to 1 direction} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Weak entities: Can only be identified by the primary key of another entity} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functional Dependencies}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Saying one attribute determines another} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Armstrong's axioms} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Reflexivity, if Y is in X, X-\textgreater{}Y} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Augmentation, if X-\textgreater{}Y, WX-\textgreater{}WY} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Transitivity, if X-\textgreater{}Y and Y-\textgreater{}Z, X-\textgreater{}Z} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Extra's to armstrong's axioms (can be deduced from the axioms)} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Union, if X-\textgreater{}Y and X-\textgreater{}Z, X-\textgreater{}YZ} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Psuedo-transitivity, if X-\textgreater{}Y and WY-\textgreater{}Z, XW-\textgreater{}Z} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Decomposition, if X-\textgreater{}Y and Z is in Y, X-\textgreater{}Z} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Closure of F: Set of all FD's derivable from F} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Two FD's are equivalent if their closures are equivalent} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Minimal cover, F is minimal if} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Every FD in F is of the form X-\textgreater{}A where A is a single attribute} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{For no X-\textgreater{}A, is F - \{X-\textgreater{}A\} equivalent to F} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{For no X-\textgreater{}A and subset Z of X is (F - \{X-\textgreater{}A\}) U \{X-\textgreater{}Z\} equivalent to F} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}