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\author{psychedup}
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  /Title (environmental-psychology.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (psychedup)
  /Subject (Environmental psychology Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Environmental psychology Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{psychedup} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/178770/cs/38054/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}psychedup \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/psychedup} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 31st July, 2023.\\
   Updated 31st July, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.89126 cm} x{3.08574 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Historical contributions}}  \tn
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Hellpach (1911) & first to introduce the term 'envi psych', studied impact of diff envi stimuli (colour, form, sun etc) on human activities, famous phenomenons: crowding, overstimulation \tn 
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Egon Bruswik (1903-1955) & first to emphasis the importance of organisms's envi on its growth \tn 
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Kurt Lewin (1890-1947) & social action research - attempt to solve social problem by researching on what causes it \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Brunswik and Lewin are regarded as the 'founding fathers' of  envi psych} \tn 
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James J Gibson & ecological theory of perception- perceptual phenomenon should be considered as the direct result of 'ecological characteristics of envi stimuli \tn 
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Ulric Neisser & attempting to integrate the Gibsonian ecological approach into the cognitive viewpoint \tn 
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Dewey and Bentley & developed a modality to understand  relationship between subject and object of perception \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pro environment behavior}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{goal oriented vs non-goal oriented} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{goal oriented def - 'behaviour that consciously seeks to minimize the negative impact of one's actions on the natural and built world' (Kollmuss and Agyeman 2002); ppl have explicit goal of doing something beneficial for the envi} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{non-goal directed def - 'behaviour that harms the envi as little as possible, or even benefits it'; here, pro envi behav can be habitual or motivated by other goals} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Climate change}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Global phenomenon} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{1970s - physical scientists raised alarms about anthropogenic (human-caused) climate change and its impacts} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{impacts envi, animals, humans- destabilization of ecological and human systems, and the rate of change outpacing humans' and other species' ability to adapt, creating displacement, disease, death, and extinction (IPCC 2013) \{\{nl\}\} \{\{nl\}\} depends on location and vulnerability} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{more responsiblility is on industrialized countries emitting more heat trapping gases, but impact is more on non-industrialised countries and poorer population} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{also the cause of many other envi problems like water, noise polllution} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Particularly difficult for economic and political systems that rely on growth and consumption, + individual lifestyles, due to the emission of greenhouse gases. \{\{nl\}\} To address the problem, significant changes are required in economics, politics, and personal behavior.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{But it's difficult to understand how individual actions contribute to climate change, which makes it challenging to reduce environmental impact.} \tn 
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{\bf{Psychologists}} have long been concerned with individuals' behaviour that contributes to climate  change & pro envi and pro social behavior improves overall well-being of indiv \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Climate change (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Direct effects:} \tn 
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120 studies published over the past 20 years that investigated extreme weather events & concluded that the possible consequences may include: psychological distress, worsened mental health, increased psychiatric hospitalizations and heightened rates of suicide \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Indirect effects:} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{poverty, unemployment, and homelessness} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Approaches}}  \tn
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Interactive approach & humans impact and influence envi and vice-versa in a reciprocal, dynamic way \tn 
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\seqsplit{Interdisciplinary} approach & close collab with other disciplines - of psych, architecture, geography, evs. helps implement behavior oriented envi design \tn 
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Problem focused approach & aims to identify most effective soln to real life problems. 3 levels- local, regional and national, global \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Environmental risk perception (ERP)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{direct feelings related to envi (from past experiences) + subjective judgement of risks (can be manipulated by cog heuristics) + limited/uncertain info or misinfo = ERP} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{high ERP = higher risk response, more govt policy making, driving force for action and engagement in safety and health  behaviors} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Subjective Risk Perception - judgement that people make about the characteristics and severity of a risk; Includes: Value, Judgements and Morality} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{ERP is affected by 4 factors: affective (emotion, mood), cognitive (gravity of events, media coverage), contextual (framing of risk information,  availability of alternative information sources), individual (personality traits, previous experience, age)} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Public debate = morally-principled vs technically oriented; Evaluations of consequences vs evaluation of moral considerations} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Emotional reactions to natural risks are weaker than those to human caused risks.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Ethics-based self-directed emotions (focus on moral rightness) are strong for behaviour.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{envi behav \textgreater{} impact}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{behaviour measures often rely on self-reports - may not reliably reflect actual behaviour, cannot accurately reflect environmental impact} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{when scholars develop lists of behaviours to measure their constructs they rarely consider environmental impact} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A person conducting 7 out of 10 behaviours is therefore labelled to be more environmentally friendly than a person adopting only three of these behaviours. But this may not be a valid conclusion if those three behaviours have a more significant environmental impact.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Internet and envi psych}}  \tn
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1980s - inc in tech, www (internet), computers & established high speed digital comm networks, easing constraints of physical dist and time \tn 
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plays a vital role in climate change mitigation & internet of things (IoT) sheds light onto this dilemma - monitor behavior with real time feedback \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Role of envi psych wrt internet:} \tn 
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Psychological factors & how factors like color schemes, visual elements, and user interface design impact emotions, user engagement, and task performance \tn 
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Online comm & study its effects, impact on self and social exns \tn 
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Cognitive factors (info overload) & nvestigates the cognitive consequences of excessive online information, such as reduced attention span, decision-making challenges, and the ability to filter and process information effectively \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Validity}}  \tn
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Internal validity & extent of establishing cause and effect rxn, proving the hypothesis, used in theory building. \tn 
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External validity & extent to which the study can be generalized, used in problem solving, applied psych. \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Research methods}}  \tn
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\seqsplit{Questionnaire} studies & describe behaviours and to gather people's perception and beliefs abt issues, high EV, low IV (can show correlation, not causality) \tn 
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Laboratory exp & conducted in a controlled, mostly artificial envi created for research; low EV, high IV (can prove causality -through manipulation of variables + random asg) \tn 
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Stimulation studies & realistic visualization that replicate real-life envi, useful for futuristic studies and complex envi systems (landslide, etc), good IV and EV \tn 
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Field studies & observe, interact and understand people while they are in a natural envi, can manipulate variables (placing a bin on road), high EV, good IV, diff to contol extraneous vvariables \tn 
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Case studies & in-depth study of a particular indiv, grp of indiv, situation etc. exploratory qualitative study, high IV, low EV, no objective truth \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Role of psychologist in climate change}}  \tn
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designing mitigation strategies & Understanding what people currently believe and know about climate change \{\{nl\}\} \{\{nl\}\} focus on dec personal and collective carbon emissions \{\{nl\}\}\{\{nl\}\} identifying barriers of behav change \{\{nl\}\}\{\{nl\}\} emphasis on why and how of actions, rather than just facilitating 'what'. \tn 
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role in adaptation measures & required for the levels of climate change  which are already projected as inevitable \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{resolving so-called 'environmental conflicts' where groups and states compete} \tn 
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downstream interventions – may not be sufficient to generate sustained behaviour change & only psych theory \tn 
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engage in upstream interventions (i.e. structural changes) - social organisation (e.g. community groups), the political and economic  environment (e.g. legislation and taxes), physical infrastructure (e.g. new bus routes or protected cycle routes) \{\{nl\}\}\{\{nl\}\} helping to make low-carbon technologies more attractive and user-friendly & psychological theory on internal constraints on the indiv + economic theory about external constraints \tn 
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% That's all folks
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