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% Packages
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%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
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% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
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% Document Info
\author{PsychCommunicator}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (understanding-test-scores.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (PsychCommunicator)
  /Subject (Understanding Test Scores Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Understanding Test Scores Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{PsychCommunicator} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/204549/cs/46222/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}PsychCommunicator \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/psychcommunicator} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 28th April, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.8 cm} x{5.2 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Descriptive Statistics}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Frequency Distribution & A listing of scores, usually from highest to lowest, along with the number of times each score appears \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Histogram & The frequency distribution in the form of a graph. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Central Tendency & A number that provides information about the average, or typical, score in a set of data. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Mean & The average of the scores (X or M) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Median & The score that falls exactly in the middle of a distribution of scores after they have been arranged (or ranked) from highest to lowest. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 6)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Mode & The score that occurs most often \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.48 cm} x{5.52 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Measures of Variability}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Range & The distance between the highest and lowest scores. \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Standard Deviation & Is a measure of how much a set of scores varies around the mean of the scores. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.76 cm} x{4.24 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Interpreting Test Results}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Raw Score & The number of items the student answered correctly on the test. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Percentile-Rank Score & Reveals the percentage of the distribution that lies at or below the score. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Stanine Score & Describes a student's test performance on a 9-point scale ranging from 1 to 9. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Grade-Equivalent Score & Indicates a student's performance in relation to grade level \& months of the school year, assuming a 10-month school year, to the norm group. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 7)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Standard Score (Standard Deviation) & Expressed as a deviation from the mean, which involves the concept of standard deviation. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Z-Score & Provides information about how many standard deviations a raw score is above or below the mean. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{The small differences in test scores, especially percentile rank and grade-equivalent test scores, should be interpreted with caution.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Normal Distribution}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{When most of the scores cluster around the mean. A normal distribution also is called a normal curve, bell-shaped curve, or bell curve. In normal distribution, bell shape shows that the most common scores are near the middle. The normal distribution incorporates information about both the mean and the standard deviation.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}