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% Document Info
\author{prinsam98}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (introduction-to-vision.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (prinsam98)
  /Subject (Introduction to Vision Cheat Sheet)
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Introduction to Vision Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{prinsam98} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/150950/cs/32670/}}}
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}prinsam98 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/prinsam98} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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\columnbreak
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  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 19th June, 2022.\\
   Updated 19th June, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Anatomy of the Eye}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/prinsam98_1655583004_IMG_7603.jpg}}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Pupil- how much light enters the eye  \newline Ciliary body- changes the shape of the lens (focusing) \newline Choroid- contains vessels that supply blood \newline Retina- contains the cells that are sensitive to light (rods and cones) \newline Lens- focuses light to the back of the eye \newline Sclera- the white part of the eye \newline Optic nerve- transmits visual information to the brain \newline Cornea- the transparent layer at the front of the eye}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Elements of Vision}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. sight} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2. eye movement} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.28942 cm} x{2.68758 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Components of Sight}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Visual Acuity & the level of detail a person sees \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Visual Field & the total area one sees in a single view \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Contrast Sensation & the ability to distinguish shades of light, dark, and similar colors \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Light Modulation & the ability to adapt to changing light conditions \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Visual Perception \& Interpretation & the processing of information once it reaches the brain \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Visual Pathway Overview}}  \tn
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Common Diagnoses for Low Vision}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Macular Degeneration}}  \tn
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Macular Degeneration}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{a group of conditions that cause central vision loss} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Macular degeneration (AMD) is when the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer begins to malfunction.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Most AMD starts out as dry and some progress to wet} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Dry AMD is the build up of deposits called {\bf{drusen}}, which causes macular scarring} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Wet AMD is the development of a cluster of blood vessels under the macula} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{How People see with AMD}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cataracts image}}  \tn
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cataracts}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cataract is the clouding of the crystalline lens in your eye} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cataract surgery is one of the most common surgeries performed} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{If left untreated, the cataract will dull color and blur vision} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Clients with cataracts will have {\bf{decreased contrast sensitivity}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hierarchy of Visual Perceptual Processing}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/prinsam98_1655581046_Screen Shot 2022-06-18 at 2.35.55 PM.png}}} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.64078 cm} x{2.33427 cm} x{1.60195 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Refractive Error}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Myopia} & the problem with the lens ability to focus on the image with adequate power; the power is not strong enough resulting in undershooting the fovea/retina (focal length is too short) & concave or negative (-) lens \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Hyperopia} & problem with the lens ability to focus on the image with adequate power; power is too strong and overshooting the fovea (focal length to too long) & convex or positive (+) lens \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 8)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Astigmatism} & the shape of the cornea itself is misshaped impeding the ability to properly bend or refract light/image resulting in a distorted image & misshaped cornea \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Refactive Error is due mishaped}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What does 20/20 mean?}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{You can see at {\bf{20 feet}}  as a person with standard vision can see at {\bf{20 feet}}% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Common Diagnoses for Low Vision (copy)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Diabetic Retinopathy}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/prinsam98_1655612502_Screen Shot 2022-06-18 at 11.19.47 PM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Diabetic Rentiopathy}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Diabetes causes damage to small blood vessels and the eye is not spared} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{DR causes a number of different visual problems ranging from "floaters" to total blindness} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Background diabetic retinopathy is the early stage of DR} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is a more severe form of DR.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{How people see with DR}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/prinsam98_1655612602_Screen Shot 2022-06-18 at 11.20.12 PM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is low vision?}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Low vision is defined as a visual impairment that cannot be corrected by medical or surgical intervention and is severe enough to interfere with the performance of activities of daily living but allows some usable} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Four Types of Vision Loss}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Central Field Loss & Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) or Stragardts Macular Degeneration (genetic) \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Peripheral Field Loss & Glaucoma or retinitis pigmentosa \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Visual Field Cuts & Neurological conditions stroke, brain injury, Parkinson's, and Multiple sclerosis \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Diffuse Vision Loss & Usually caused by diabetic retinopathy \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functional Implications of Central Field}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Difficulty reading}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Decreased contrast sensitivity (e.g. poor detailed vision)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Excessive head movement to search for items in their environment or during reading} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{All things that require detailed vision will be affected (e.g. reading bills, text messages, following recipes, driving, etc)} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Self care is {\bf{NOT}} affected} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Common Diagnoses for Low Vision (copy)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Glaucoma}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/prinsam98_1655613995_Screen Shot 2022-06-18 at 11.45.56 PM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Glaucoma}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Glaucoma is caused by increased pressure in eye} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Glaucoma causes peripheral vision loss and will untreated can cause blindness} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Fortunately, glaucoma is very treatable with eye drops and surgery} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The key to treatment is catching it before it damages the optic nerve and cause vision loss} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{How people see with glaucoma}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/prinsam98_1655614048_Screen Shot 2022-06-18 at 11.46.10 PM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Retinitis pigmentoas is a progressive hereditary eye disease that causes deterioration of the retinal cells} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{People usually start noticiting that they have night blindness, then they start losing their peripheral vision} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Central vision is spared in the beginning, but the visual flieds so small that they can only see small pinholes} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{RP will eventually cause total blindness} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Retinitis pigmentosa image}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/prinsam98_1655614910_Screen Shot 2022-06-19 at 12.01.01 AM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}