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\author{PrincessB3ll3}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (ap-stat-test.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (PrincessB3ll3)
  /Subject (AP Stat Test Cheat Sheet)
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{AP Stat Test Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{PrincessB3ll3} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/122525/cs/22838/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}PrincessB3ll3 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/princessb3ll3} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 17th May, 2020.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Five Number Summary}}  \tn
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Minimum, Q1, Median, Q3, Maximum}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{IQR and Outliers}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{IQR: Q3-Q1} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Boxplot}}  \tn
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% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Regular: equal spacing, used to determine shape} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Relative: divide \# by n to get \%} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cumulative: ≤, last bar = n, never for shape} \tn 
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% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cumulative: percentage based, 50\% is median} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{relative location= (\# of values below)/n}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Transformations}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Linear: affects center not spread} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Adds to sample mean (x), M, Q1, Q3, IQR} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Multiplication: affects center and spread} \tn 
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% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Multiplies to mean (x), M, Q1, Q3, IQR, and sigma} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"Describe the distribution"}}  \tn
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% Row 1
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-Always on or above x-axis \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
-Area = 1 \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Median: equal areas point (point that divides curve in half) \newline Mean: balance point (where curve would balance if solid) \newline Symmetric curve: Mean = Median}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Very strong: 100-91 \newline Strong: 90-85 \newline Moderately strong: 84-75 \newline Moderately weak: 74-70 \newline Weak: 70 and below}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Exhibits randomness, then a line is a good model for the data} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Coefficents}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{R\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{} (Coefficient of determination): represents the percentage of the change in the y-variable that can be attributed to its relationship with the x-variable} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{R (Correlation coefficient): strength of linear line on scale of -1≤0≤1} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-1: perfectly linear (negative slope) \newline 0: literally sucks  \newline 1: perfectly linear (positive slope)}  \tn 
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% Row 1
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mini Tab!}}  \tn
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Scatterplot Vocab}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{X-variable: explanatory/independent variable (cause)} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Y-variable: response/dependent variable (effect)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Extrapolation: predicting outcome outside of the domain} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Interpolation: predicting inside the domain {[}lowest X, highest X{]}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sampling Methods}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Simple random sample (SRS): every group of objects has equal probability of being selected} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Ex: Hat method, calc, table of random digits*} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Stratified random sample: sample from each subgroup (good for comparison)} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Systematic Random Sampling: select a sample using a system (like every 3rd)} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{*ignore number if not in sample, skip if repeat}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bad Sampling}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Voluntary response: incomplete data (extremes)} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Convenience: chooses easiest individuals to reach} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bad surveying}}  \tn
% Row 0
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% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Poor wording: leans toward bias answer} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Principles of Experimental Design}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Comparison: Use design that compares two or more treatments} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Random Assignment: Use chance to assign experimental units to treatments (balances effects of other variables)} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Control: Keep other variables that might affect the response the same for all groups} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Replication: Use enough experimental units in each group so that any differences in the effects of the treatments can be distinguished from chance differences between the groups} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Completely randomized: \newline -The treatments are assigned to all the experimental units completely by chance \newline -Control group: that receives an inactive treatment or an existing baseline treatment \newline -Placebo effect: response to a dummy treatment \newline -Double-blind experiment: neither the subjects nor those who interact with them and measure the response variable know which treatment a subject received}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Experimental Design}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/princessb3ll3_1589579092_Screen Shot 2020-05-15 at 2.43.27 PM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Matched pairs: \newline -Randomized blocked experiment in which each block consists of a matching pair of similar experimental units \newline -Chance is used to determine which unit in each pair gets each treatment}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Law of Large Numbers}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{As n becomes large the sample mean approaches the population mean} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Binomials}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Each observation falls into one of just two categories –"success" or "failure"} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2. The procedure has a fixed number of trials – (n)} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3. The observations must be independent – result of one does not affect another} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{4. The probability of success (p) remains the same for each observation} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Geometric}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(1-3 same as binomial)} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{4. The variable of interest is the number of trials required to obtain the first success*} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{*Geometric is also called a "waiting-time" distribution}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Error}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Type I: Rejecting the Ho when it is actually true (a false positive); probability = alpha} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Type II: Accepting the Ho when it is actually false (a false negative)} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Central Limit Theorem}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/princessb3ll3_1589653996_Screen Shot 2020-05-16 at 11.30.47 AM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{As n becomes very large the sampling distribution for sample mean (x bar) is approximately normal \newline (n≥30)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}