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% Document Info
\author{PrincessB3ll3}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (ap-bio-unit-2-cell-structure-and-function.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (PrincessB3ll3)
  /Subject (AP Bio Unit 2: Cell Structure and Function Cheat Sheet)
}

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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{AP Bio Unit 2: Cell Structure and Function Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{PrincessB3ll3} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/122525/cs/22770/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 14th May, 2020.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Membrane Transport}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Passive Transport: net movement of molecules from H to L concentration without ATP; used for import and export of materials} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Facilitated Diffusion: (1) Large quantities of water pass through aquaporins (2) Charged ions, (Na+ and K+), require channel proteins to move through membrane (3) Membranes may become polarized by movement of ions across the membrane} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Active Transport: uses ATP to transport molecules and establish/maintain concentration gradients; requires membrane proteins} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Exocytosis: internal vesicles fuse with plasma membrane and secrete large macromolecules out of cell} \tn 
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% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Endocytosis: cell takes in macromolecules and particulate matter by forming new vesicles derived from plasma membrane} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Selective Permeability}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-Selective permeability is a direct consequence of membrane structure \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
-Small, non polar molecules can pass through (N2, O2 and CO2) \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
-Hydrophilic substances (large polar molecules and ions) need embedded channels and transport proteins \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 3)
-Polar uncharged molecules (H20) pass though in small amounts \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
-Allows for the formation of concentration gradients of solutes across the membrane% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Surface Area to Volume Ratio}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-Smaller cells typically have a higher SA:V for more efficient exchange of materials with environment \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
-As V increases, SA decreases, demand for internal resources increases \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
-Increasing cell size decreases SA:V  \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
-Membrane folds can increase SA:V% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic}}  \tn
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Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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Typically have circular chromosomes (plasmid) & Typically have multiple linear chromosomes (can have plasmids too) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
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Unicellular & Multicellular \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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No membrane bound nucleus & Membrane bound nucleus \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
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Rare: microtubules, cytoskeleton; also chlorophyll scattered in cell & Lysosomes, peroxisomes, microtubules, ER, Mitochondria, Cytoskeleton, Vesicles, Golgi, Chloroplasts \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 5
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Smaller ribosomes, have vacuoles & Larger ribosomes, have vacuoles \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 6
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Chemically complex cell wall & Chemically simple cell wall \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 7
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1-10um & 10-100um \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 8
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Groups of genes (operons) are transcribed in a single mRNA molecule & Groups of genes may be influenced by the same transcription factors to coordinately regulate expression \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cell Compartmentalization}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-Membrane-bound organelles evolved from once free-living prokaryotic cells via endosymbiosis \newline -Prokaryotes generally lack internal membrane- bound organelles but have internal regions with specialized structures and functions. \newline -Eukaryotic cells maintain internal membranes that partition the cell into specialized regions}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cell Organelles}}  \tn
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Ribosomes & Comprise ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein; Synthesize protein according to mRNA sequence; Found in all forms of life (evidence of common ancestor) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) & Rough ER: compartmentalizes the cell; Smooth ER: detoxification and lipid synthesis \tn 
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Golgi & Fold and chemically modify newly synthesized proteins; Packaging proteins for trafficking \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
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Mitochondria & Powerhouse of cell; Double membrane provides compartments for different metabolic reactions \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
% Row 4
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Lysosomes & Contain hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion, recycling of a cell's organic materials, apoptosis \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 5)
% Row 5
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Vacuoles & Storage and release of macromolecules and cellular waste products; In plants, aids in retention of water for turgor pressure \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Osmosis}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Water moves (by osmosis) from areas of H H20 potential/L solute concentration to areas of L H2O potential/H solute concentration}  \tn 
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}