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\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
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\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{meanshape101 (PokemonTrainerGold)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (basic-japanese-for-noobs.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (meanshape101 (PokemonTrainerGold))
  /Subject (Basic Japanese for Noobs Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Basic Japanese for Noobs Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{meanshape101 (PokemonTrainerGold)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/143048/cs/30830/}}}
\end{tabulary}
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\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}meanshape101 (PokemonTrainerGold) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/pokemontrainergold} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 8th February, 2022.\\
   Updated 8th February, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
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\begin{multicols*}{4}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{A は B です}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(A is B) \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
は is the particle indicating a topic. Adding です after B forms a predicate. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
e.g.) 私はアンナです。 (I'm Anna.)% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{\_はどこですか}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(Where is \_?) \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
どこですか is a phrase that allows you to ask where something is, either a place or thing. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
e.g.) \seqsplit{トイレはどこですか。} (Where is a restroom?)% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ます-form verbs}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Verbs that end with ます are called "ます-form verbs." \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
The ます-form verbs are used when speaking politely. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
To make it negative, we change ます to ません. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
e.g.) 読みます (to read) = 読みません (not to read)% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{\_があります}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(There is/are \_) \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
が is the particle that comes after a noun, which indicates the subject of a sentence. Essentially, が is used to introduce a person or a thing into the conversation for the first time. あります is a verb indicating that some things are there. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 5)
e.g.) \seqsplit{ケーキがあります。} (There is a cake.)% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{何時}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(What time) \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
何 is "what" and 時 is "time." 時 is a counter indicating a specific hour. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
e.g.) 何時ですか。 (What time is it?)% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Days of the Week}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Sunday & 日曜日 \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Monday & 月曜日 \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Tuesday & 火曜日 \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Wednesday & 水曜日 \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Thursday & 木曜日 \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Friday & 金曜日 \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Saturday & 土曜日 \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{AはBが好きです}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(A likes B) \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
好き is an adjective meaning "to be fond of," or "to like." Here, the particle が indicates the object of an adjective. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 3)
e.g.) \seqsplit{アンナは漫画が好きです。} (Anna likes MANGA.)% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{\_から (1)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(as/because \_) \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
から expresses the reason. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
e.g.) \seqsplit{資源ですから、別の袋に入れてください。Because} they are (recyclable) resources, please put them into another bag.% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{て-form verbs can connect sentences}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Using て-form verbs, you can express a string of actions occuring in succession. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
e.g.)  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\seqsplit{五階に上がります+左に行きます} (to go up to the 5th floor) (to go to the left) \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
\seqsplit{五階に上がって、左に行きます。(} You go up to the 5th floor, and then, go to the left.)% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Japanese scripts}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The Japanese language has three types of scripts, Hiragana (ひらがな), Katakana (カタカナ) and Kanji (漢字), each with its own specific role.% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{こそあど words}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Japanese demonstratives are called こそあど words, taking the first syllables of the demonstratives of the four groups, such as ここ (here), そこ (there), あそこ (over there), どこ (where).% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{[}Subject{]}は+{[}Object{]}を+Verb}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The typical word order in Japanese is "subject, object, and verb." \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
e.g.) \seqsplit{私は漫画を読みます。} (I read manga.) \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
The particle を indicates the object of an action.% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.48062 cm} p{2.95238 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{つ : a counter for things like cakes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1 & 一つ \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
2 & 二つ \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
3 & 三つ \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
4 & 四つ \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
5 & 五つ \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{If followed by the counter つ, the way we count numbers from one to ten changes.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.61351 cm} x{1.81949 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{て-form verbs (2) Variations}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Syllable before ます ➡ て-form & Examples \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
い／ち／り ➡ って & 集まります (to gather) ➡ 集まって \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
み／に／び ➡ んで & 読みます (to read) ➡ 読んで \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
き ➡ いて & 聴きます (to listen to) ➡ 聞いて \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ぎ ➡ いで & 急ぎます (to hurry) ➡ 急いで \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{In this pattern, you change not only ます but also one syllable before it. The て-form differs depending on the syllable that comes right before ます. \newline  \newline Exception: 行きます (to go) ➡ 行って}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Dictionary-form verbs}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Japanese dictionaries list verbs in this form. If you use this form, you sound more casual. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
e.g.)  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
行きます (to go) = 行く \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
食べます (to eat) = 食べる% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{\_ませんか}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(Why don't we \_?) \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
If you change ます of ます-form verbs to ませんか, you are inviting people to do something. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
e.g.)  \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\seqsplit{みんなで本屋に行きます。(We} will all go together to the bookstore.) \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\seqsplit{みんなで本屋に行きませんか。(Why} don't we all go together to the bookstore?)% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{\_ましょう}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(Let's\_) \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
If you change the ます part of a verb to ましょう, you are making a proposal. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
e.g.) \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\seqsplit{ここでおります。(We} will get off here.) \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\seqsplit{ここでおりましょう。(Let's} get off here.)% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{2.12846 cm} p{1.30454 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Directions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Left & 左 \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Right & 右 \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{これは何ですか。}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(What is this?) \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
か is a particle. When added to the end of a sentence with a rising intonation, it allows you to ask a question. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 3)
e.g.) それは何ですか。 (What is it?)% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{\seqsplit{あなたは日本人ですか。}}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(Are you a Japanese?) \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
If the answer is "yes" = \seqsplit{はい、私は日本人です。} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
If the answer is "no" = \seqsplit{いいえ、私は日本人ではありません。}% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.51495 cm} x{2.91805 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Numbers (1)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
0 & 零, ゼロ \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
1 & 一 \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
2 & 二 \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
3 & 三 \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
4 & 四 \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
5 & 五 \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
6 & 六 \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
7 & 七 \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
8 & 八 \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
9 & 九 \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
10 & 十 \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{て-form verbs (1) Basic pattern}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{When we use verbs in the middle of sentences, we use their conjugated forms. The conjugated verbs ending with て or で, are called "て-form verbs." To turn ます-form verbs into て-form verbs, the basic pattern is just to change ます to て. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 5)
e.g.) 覚えます (to memorize) = 覚えて% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{います}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{います is a verb to express the existence of living things, such as people and animals. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
e.g.) アンナがいます。 (Anna is here.) \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
あります refers to the existence of non-living things.% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{た-form verbs}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The た-form of verbs is the conjugation form of verbs that ends with た or だ. It is for the past or the perfect aspect of verbs. If you use this form, you sound more casual. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4)
e.g.) なれます (to get used to) = なれた (got used to or have got used to) \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
Making た-form verbs is the same as making the て-form of verbs. Simply replace て with た, and で with だ.% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{2 Types of Adjectives}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{い-adjectives} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{な-adjectives} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Adjectives are divided basically into two kinds. \newline Those that end with the syllable い are called い-adjectives. The others are called な-adjectives.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{て-form verb+います}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(is/are \_ing) \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
If you add います to the て-form verb, you can say an action is continuing. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
e.g.) \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\seqsplit{ご飯を食べます。(I} eat/will eat a meal.) \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\seqsplit{ご飯を食べています。(I} am eating a meal.)% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Adjective+そう}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{い-adjectives} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{な-adjectives} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(It seems \_) \newline Adding そう after an adjective allows you to talk about what you think or guess, after you look at or listen to something. When you add そう to I-adjectives, you change い at the end to そう.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{A の B}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{の is a particle that links two nouns. In Japanese, you put a modifying word before a noun. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
e.g.) 東京のお土産 (a souvenir from Tokyo)% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.88815 cm} x{1.54485 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Greetings}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{おはようございます} & Good morning \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
こんにちは & Hello / Good afternoon \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
こんばんは & Good evening \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{\_をします}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(To do \_) \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
します is a verb that means "to do something." You can talk about many actions by combining をします with nouns. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 3)
e.g.)  \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
勉強 (studying) = 勉強をします。 (I study.) \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
料理 (cooking) = 料理をします。 (I cook.)% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{て-form verb+ください}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(Please do \_) \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
When you ask somebody to do something in Japanese, you say て-form verbs and then ください (please). \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 3)
e.g.) 覚えます + ください = 覚えてください (Please memorize)% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ました : Past form of ます}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{To turn ます-form verbs to the past form, you change ます to ました. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
e.g.) 食べます (to eat) = 食べました (ate)% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Months}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
January & 一月 \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
February & 二月 \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
March & 三月 \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
April & 四月 \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
May & 五月 \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
June & 六月 \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
July & 七月 \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
August & 八月 \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
September & 九月 \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
October & 十月 \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
November & 十一月 \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
December & 十二月 \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{て-form verb+もいいですか}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(May I \_?) \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
If you say the て-form verb with もいいですか, it is an expression to ask for permission. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
e.g.) \seqsplit{この林檎を食べてもいいですか。} (May I eat this apple?)% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Negative form of adjectives}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{い-adjectives} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{な-adjectives} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{To turn い-adjectives into the negative form, you change い at the end to くない. For な-adjectives, add ではない.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{\_\_ はちょっと ...}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(\_ is/are a little bit ...) \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
You can say this to decline a proposal, in a soft, indirect way, without directly voicing disapproval. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 3)
e.g.) \seqsplit{ホラーはちょっと....} (Horror stories are a little bit....)% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}