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% Document Info
\author{PeterCeeAU}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (linux-rhel-user-management.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (PeterCeeAU)
  /Subject (Linux (RHEL) User Management Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Linux (RHEL) User Management Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{PeterCeeAU} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/58333/cs/15427/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}PeterCeeAU \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/peterceeau} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 6th September, 2021.\\
   Updated 6th September, 2021.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Notice}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{This information specifically relates to place of employment, but may be useful elsewhere.% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.1169 cm} x{9.1531 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{User and Group Management}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Action & Command \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
List users configured on local host & `awk -F: '/\textbackslash{}/home/ \{printf "\%s:\%s\textbackslash{}n",\$3,\$1\}' /etc/passwd | sort -n` \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
List groups configured on local host & `awk -F: -v id="999" '\$3 \textgreater{} id' /etc/group` \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{For Users, the assumption is that they are non-system users if they have a `/home` directory \newline For Groups, the assumption is that they are non-system groups if gid is greater the 999 \newline Refer to `/etc/login.defs`}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Create User}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Create user & `useradd -c "Firstname Lastname" -d /home/{\emph{firstname.lastname.suffix}} -u \textless{}uid\textgreater{} -g \textless{}gid\textgreater{} -m -s /bin/bash {\emph{firstname.lastname.suffix}}` \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Create user (shorter) & `useradd -c "Firstname Lastname" -u \textless{}uid\textgreater{} -g \textless{}gid\textgreater{} {\emph{firstname.lastname.suffix}}` \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Set password & `passwd {\emph{firstname.lastname.suffix}}` \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Set account aging policy & `chage -M 90 -W 7 -I 30 -d 0 {\emph{firstname.lastname.suffix}}` \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{where -M maximum number of days between password changes, -W number of days warning before password expires, -I inactive days after password expires that account is locked, -d days since password changed (setting to 0 zero forces password change on next logon)} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 6)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Expire password\{\{nl\}\}(force~password change) & `chage -d 0 {\emph{firstname.lastname.suffix}}` \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Expire password and set account \seqsplit{expiry(for~contractors)} & `chage -d 0 -E {\bf{YYYY-MM-DD}} {\emph{firstname.lastname.suffix}}` \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
List account aging information & `chage -l {\emph{firstname.lastname.suffix}}` \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{User accounts are in: {\bf{firstname.lastname.accounttype}} format. These 3 variables are used by the user management scripts. Admin User Account are suffixed with {\bf{.nalx}}. \newline Service Accounts are prefixed with {\bf{svc}}. \newline {\bf{uid}} and {\bf{gid}} are maintained in a central location to ensure uniformity across server fleet.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Account Management}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Disable account\{\{nl\}\}(most effective method) & `chage -E0 {\emph{firstname.lastname.suffix}}` \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Re-enable account & `chage -E1 {\emph{firstname.lastname.suffix}}` \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Lock account & `usermod -L {\emph{username}}` \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Check lock status & `grep {\emph{username}} /etc/shadow`\{\{nl\}\}single exclamation mark before encrypted password means account locked \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Lock password & `passwd -l {\emph{username}}` \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Unlock password & `passwd -u {\emph{username}}` \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Check password status & `grep {\emph{username}} /etc/shadow`\{\{nl\}\}two exclamation marks before encrypted password means password locked \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 6)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Check whether password ever set & `grep {\emph{username}} /etc/shadow`\{\{nl\}\}two exclamation marks with no encrypted password means password has never been set \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 6)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Extend account expiry\{\{nl\}\}(for contractors) & `chage -E {\bf{YYYY-MM-DD}} {\emph{firstname.lastname.suffix}}` \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{The recommended method of securing an account is disabling by using the `chage` command. Locking of accounts by using `usermod` or passwords by using `passwd` commands are not as effective.  For example, an account which uses SSH does not use passwords.}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{9.3258 cm} x{7.9442 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{List Logged On Users}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Show who is logged on & `who` \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Show who is logged on and what they are doing & `w` \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Show list of last logged in users who are "still logged in" & `last -F | grep 'still logged in'` \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Print name of users currently logged in to local host & `users` \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{3.1086 cm} x{14.1614 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Non-standard aliases}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Alias & Command \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{`lusers`} & `awk -F: '\{ if (\$3 \textgreater{} 999 \&\& \$3 \textless{} 60001) print \$1 \}' /etc/passwd | grep -v {\emph{suffix}} | sort` \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{`ladmins`} & `awk -F: '\{ if (\$3 \textgreater{} 999 \&\& \$3 \textless{} 60001) print \$1 \}' /etc/passwd | grep {\emph{suffix}} | sort` \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{These are functions stored in \seqsplit{`/etc/profile.d/aliases.sh`.} Again, refer to `/etc/login.defs` for {\bf{UID\_MIN}} and {\bf{UID\_MAX}} and {\bf{GID\_MIN}} and {\bf{GID\_MAX}} values}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Get User Information Function}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{`\# get-useraccounts {[}Account Type: ALL|normal|admins|service{]} {[}Output Format:name|description|almostall|csv|table{]} {[}Additional Info: GROUP|nogroup|complete{]}`} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{Where group information is collected from corresponding user entry in `/etc/group` and where addition information is collated from `chage` command} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{Argument order is important (does not use `getopt` or `getopts`). Account Type - ALL (is the default option). Output Format: no specific option required. Additional Info - GROUP info (is the default option).} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{`\# get-useraccounts`} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{`\# get-useraccounts service csv group`} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{`\# get-useraccounts admins tablefull complete`} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{Based on function listusers / get-useraccounts (expanded version of the above custom functions `lusers` and `ladmins`). The `get-useraccounts` alias is in PowerShell (verb-noun) format so somewhat familiar for Windows Administrators.} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 5)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\seqsplit{https://github.com/PeterCeeAU/linux\_user\_management/blob/b473c53e3a9b83dad4246e6d24ae0109fcca7768/listusers}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{Could be saved as part of a function file or incorporated into the system alias file \seqsplit{(`/etc/profile.d/aliases.sh`).}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}



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