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  /Title (wills-and-estates.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
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  /Subject (Wills and Estates Cheat Sheet)
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        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Wills and Estates Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{parkeraz} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/32519/cs/20095/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}parkeraz \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/parkeraz} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 22nd July, 2019.\\
   Updated 26th July, 2019.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\raggedright
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.54287 cm} x{3.43413 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{People}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Heirs & Individuals entitled to receive property by intestate succession \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Spouse & Decedent's marital partner \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Issue/ Descendants & Decedent's lineal line \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Ancestors & Decedent's parental line \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Collaterals & Decedent's relatives through an ancestor \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.54287 cm} x{3.43413 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Intestacy}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Intent & irrelevent- follow legislatures guide \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
heirs & entitled to take an intestate share \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
survival & key factor in taking from the decedent \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Simultaneous} death & Uniform Probate Code (UPC)- an heir must be proven by clear and convincing evidence to have survived the decedent by 120 hours \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Without Heirs & Property will escheat to the state \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Spouse's Share}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
who qualifies? & Legally married partner \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Spouse + Shared Descendants & surviving spouse takes the entirety \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Spouse + parent & Surviving spouse takes \$300,000 and 75\% of remainder of estate \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Spouse+ shared descendants+ Spouse's kids & Surviving spouse takes \$225,000 and 50\% of remainder of estate \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Spouse + non-spousal kids & Surviving spouse takes \$150,000 and 50\% of remainder of estate \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Just spouse & Surviving spouse takes the entire estate \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.94103 cm} x{3.03597 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Issue}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Lineal line & must be a parent-child relationship \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Adoptive children & inherit from decedent just like biological children \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Stepparent adoption & Will not prevent adoptee from inheriting from other genetic parent \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Posthumously Born children & If child is born 280 (or 300 under UPA) days of husband's death, there is a rebuttable presumption that the child is husbands and will inherit from the husband \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Calculating Issue's Share}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Per Stirpes & Divide shares into the total number of children who survive or leave issue who survive and then divide by representation \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Per capita by representation & Divide property equally at the first generation where a member survives decedent; If a deceased member of a generation is not survived by living issue, then that member does not take a share \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 10)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Per capita at each generation (UPC) & Divide property into equal shares at the first generation where there is a surviving member; pools the remainder share after each generation and divide equally \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 8)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.64241 cm} x{3.33459 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Definitions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Decedent & Someone who has died \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Will & Legal document used to dispose of the decedent's property \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Testate & Decedent dies with a will \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Intestate & Decedent dies without a will \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Codicil & Supplement that either amends or revokes a decedent's will in whole or in part \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Probate & Judicial process for administering and settling decedent's estates \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Intestate Succession & Default estate plan for distributing property \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.34379 cm} x{3.63321 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Will Substitutes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Joint tenancy & Avoids probate because it has a right of survivorship \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Revocable Trust & Avoids probate because it has an inter vivos transfer \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Pour-Over Will & Avoids probate because it distributes property under a trust \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
POD Contract & Avoids probate because it distributes by inter vivos transfer \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Deed & Avoids probate because it is an inter vivos transfer \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Revival}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Republication & UPC/ majority does not recognize automatic revival of a revoked will \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Dependent Relative Revocation (DRR) & Safe valve for testators who revoke a will on the basis of mistake (of law or fact); invalidates the mistaken revocation and revives the earlier revoked will \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 8)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.54287 cm} x{3.43413 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Revoking Codicils}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
by revoking a will & testator also revokes any codicil attached to the will; revoking a codicil does not revoke the will \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Third Party Revocation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Third party can revoke on behalf of testator if & at testator's direction and in testator's conscious presence \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Third Party Revocation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Third party can revoke on behalf of testator if & at testator's direction and in testator's conscious presence \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Revocation of a Will}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Ambulatory & altered or revoked any time until the testator's death; can be revoked in whole or in part \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Subsequent Instrument & express revocation; implied revocation/ inconsistency \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Physical act & intent for physical act to revoke will; majority- particular language must be destroyed; UPC- destructive act affect some part of the will \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Lost will & creates a rebuttable presumption that the testator revoked the will by physical act; burden on proponent to show will's existence by clear and convincing evidence \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 7)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Operation of Law & divorce revokes all will provisions in favor of former spouse (UPC extends to ex's relatives); subsequent marriage does not revoke a will because of elective shares \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09494 cm} x{3.88206 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Codicils}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Supplement} & Does not replace an underlying will \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Formalities} & executed with the same formalities as a will \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Holographic Wills}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
informal & handwritten will \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{requirements} & must be signed but doesn't need witnesses \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
How much writing? & some jurisdiction- anything not in handwriting will invalidate will; UPC- only requires material provisions be in handwriting \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Intent & look for words or phrases suggesting intent; UPC authorizes looking to extrinsic evidence \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.14011 cm} x{2.83689 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Execution of Wills}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Three Formal Will Requirements & signed writing, witnesses, and testamentary intent \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Signed Writing & must be written, signed at end or anywhere under UPC- must show intended to be signature; nothing after signature will be valid; doesn't need to be formal signature \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 8)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Capacity & must be at least 18 years of age and of sound mind at the time of signing \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Witness (Attestation) & majority- presence of witnesses and testator; UPC- witnesses must sign within a reasonable time of original signature by testator \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
"in the presence" & Traditional- line of sight; Modern approach- conscious presence \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Interested witness & Has a direct financial interest in the will- common law (not competent witness), UPC (abolished doctrine), and Purge theory \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.14011 cm} x{2.83689 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Execution of Wills (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Purge theory & Interested witness does not affect the validity of a will BUT probate court will purge any gain in excess of what the witness would take under intestate succession \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Present Testamentary Intent & must have the present intent \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Failure to Satisfy Formalities & Common law/ majority- strive compliance; UPC- substantial compliance by clear and convincing evidence \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Construction/ Interpretation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Plain Meaning & assume the testator meant the plain meaning of what he said \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Incorporation by Reference & Wil refers to document outside will can incorporate if: document exists at time of execution, testator intends incorporation, document described with sufficient certainty \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 8)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Acts of Independent Significance & Testator can dispose of property based on some act or event that is unrelated to the execution of the will \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Lapse & Common law: testamentary gift would lapse if intended beneficiary did not survive the testator; failed gift dumped into the residuary gift \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 7)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Anti-lapse & Prevents certain gifts from lapsing. Requires protected relationship, survived by issue, \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Exception to lapsed gifts rule & Class gifts- if member's gift lapses, the rest of the class share that member's gift unless anti-lapse controls \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Construction/ Interpretation (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Abatement & If the estate does not have sufficient funds to pay debts or make gifts, the gifts will be abated, or reduced, in a specific order. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Abatement hierarchy & intestate property, residuary gift, general gifts, special gifts \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Ademption by Extinction & specific piece of property no longer in estate. Traditional- devise is extinct; UPC- look at testator's intent at time she disposed of property (preference for replacement property) \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 9)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Ademption by Satisfaction & testator satisfies a specific or demonstrative gift by inter vivos transfer. Testator must intend for gift to adeem and must be supported by writing \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 7)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Ambiguities & traditional- can only use extrinsic evidence to resolve latent (not on face) ambiguities; modern rule- both can use extrinsic evidence \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Construction/ Interpretation (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Mistakes & Courts are less forgiving when it comes to mistakes \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Power to Transfer}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Rights of Surviving Spouse & elective share (forced share- 50\% under UPC); waiver to elective share must be in writing after fair disclosure and with representation \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Gifts to Children- Advancements & lifetime gift that satisfies child's intestate share. Common law- lifetime gift is presumed to be advancement; UPC- only advancement if contemporaneous writing or writing that gift should be taken into account in computing division of estate \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 13)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Calculating effect of advancement: "Hotchpot" analysis & Add the value of the advancements back into the intestate estate, Divide the resulting estate by the number of children taking, Deduct the child's advancement from the child's intestate share. \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 10)
\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Power to Transfer (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Omitted Children & intentional disinheritance; unintentional- takes intestate share or portion from what is devised to children \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{white}
Slayer Rule & A beneficiary who murders the decedent is barred from taking under the decedent's will; UPC allows killer's issue to take when relevant \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 7)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Disclaimer & signed writing that is filed with court OR declared to estate distributor AND Identify the decedent, describe the interest being disclaimed; within 9 months of decedent's death \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 9)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
Elder Abuse & Someone who is convicted of financial exploitation, abuse, or neglect of a person under her care is prohibited from inheriting from that person. \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 8)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Will Contests}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
standing & only an interested party \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
time for filing & 6 months after will is admitted to probate \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Testamentary capacity & burden on contester to show that when will was executed, testator lacked the ability to know: nature of act, nature and character of property, natural objects of bounty, plan of attempted disposition \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 8)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Insane Delusion & testator has general capacity but has an insane delusion as to some belief. Measure against actions of a rational person (also need to prove but-for causation) \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 7)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Undue Influence & contestant bears burden of showing: beneficiary received a substantial relationship, beneficiary had a confidential relationship with testator, and testator had weakened intellect. THEN burden shift to proponent to show no undue influence by preponderance of the evidence \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 11)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Fraud & contestant bears burden of showing beneficiary made misrepresentation wit the intent to deceive the testator and the purpose of influencing the testamentary disposition. Remedied by constructive trust \tn 
% Row Count 37 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Will Contests (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Forfeiture Clauses & in terrorem: no-contest clause designed to dissuade a beneficiary from suing about his share; under UPC clause is unenforceable if probable cause to challenge \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.43873 cm} x{2.53827 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Probate Process}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
classify & each piece of property is probate or non-probate \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
probate & passes by will or intestate succession \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
non-probate & property is transferred by another document \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Primary purpose & Orderly administration of a decedent's estate \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Filing under UPC & Probate proceedings must be brought within \seqsplit{\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_} years of death, after which there is a presumption of intestacy. Can choose informal or formal probate \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 9)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Creditors & Non-claim statutes: bar claims after time; must be given notice by personal representative \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 5)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Personal Representative & person who acts on behalf of estate during probate process (administrator if by court or executor if by will) \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.43873 cm} x{2.53827 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Probate Process (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Duties of Personal Representative & inventory and appraise estate, contact interested parties, satisfy debts, close the estate \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
Duties owed by personal representative & loyalty and care \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Choosing a personal representative & surviving spouse who is devisee, other surviving devisee, surviving spouse, other heirs, any creditor (45 days after decedent's death) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 7)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
Power of Appointment & Ability of decedent to select an individual to dispose of certain property under the will. General- no conditions; special- donor limits donee's power \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 8)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Powers of Attorney & An authority to act on another's behalf in a legal or business matter. Must be in writing, signed, and dated. Types: General, special, Advanced healthcare directive (living will or durable power of attorney for healthcare) \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 12)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}