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% Document Info
\author{parkeraz}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (criminal-procedure.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (parkeraz)
  /Subject (Criminal Procedure Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Criminal Procedure Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{parkeraz} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/32519/cs/20138/}}}
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\noindent
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}parkeraz \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/parkeraz} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 26th July, 2019.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

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% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.59264 cm} x{3.38436 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fourth Amendment}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
4th Amendment & prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Government Conduct & Must show some government or police agency action \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Standing & Defendant must have a reasonable expectation of privacy as to the places searched or items seized \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Seizure of a Person & By means of physical force OR show of authority, a person's freedom of movement is restrained; under the totality of circumstances, would a reasonable person not feel free to leave \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 7)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Search & Occurs when government conduct violates the defendant's reasonable expectation of privacy \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.64241 cm} x{3.33459 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Seizure of a Person}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Arrest & generally requires a warrant; Warrantless arrest allowed if an officer has probable cause to believe that a felony has been committed \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Terry Stop and Frisk & Valid when an officer has reasonable suspicion that someone is engaged in criminal activity \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Police Checkpoint & Valid if Done in a non-discriminatory manner; and There is an automobile-related reason for the checkpoint \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Traffic Stop & Valid if the officer has reasonable suspicion or probable cause that a traffic law has been violated \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.23965 cm} x{2.73735 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Search}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Valid Search Warrant & A search conducted pursuant to a valid warrant is generally constitutional \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Warrant Requirements & Be issued by a neutral magistrate; Be based upon probable cause; and Describe with particularity the places to be searched and the items to be seized \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Execution of a Search Warrant & Knock and announce; Defective Warrant (good faith) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Exceptions to Warrant Requirement & ASCAPES \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Automobile Exception & If police have probable cause to believe a vehicle contains evidence of a crime, can search any part of the car believed to have contraband \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 7)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Stop and Frisk & Can stop a person based on reasonable suspicion that the person is engaged in a criminal activity; Frisk—officer can pat down the outer clothing of the defendant for officer safety (plain feel) \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.23965 cm} x{2.73735 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Search (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Terry "Automobile Frisk" & After valid stop if The officer has a reasonable belief there is a weapon in the car; and search is limited to those areas that may contain a weapon \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Consent & Must be voluntary; cannot exceed scope \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Administrative & School, DUI, etc. Must have a clear plan \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Plain View & Police are lawfully present; and Incriminating nature of the item is immediately apparent \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Exigent Circumstances & Hot pursuit of a fleeing felon, Danger of destruction of evidence, or Police or public safety \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 5)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Search Incident to Lawful Arrest & May search arrestee within a reasonable scope after a lawful arrest. Defendant and wingspan. can search areas within reach or where others may be hiding. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.04057 cm} x{2.93643 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Exclusionary Rule}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Rule & Excludes evidence obtained as a result of the government's violation of the 4th Amendment \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Fruits of the Poisonous Tree & excludes other evidence obtained as a result of the violation \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Exceptions & inevitable discovery, independent source doctrine, passage of time, good faith reliance \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.04057 cm} x{2.93643 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{5th Amendment}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Self Incrimination & no person shall be compelled in a criminal case to testify against himself; Applies to testimonial evidence coercively obtained by police \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Miranda warnings & Right to remain silent and right to an attorney \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
When give Miranda warnings & custody and interrogation \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Custody & defendant reasonably believes he is not free to leave or is otherwise deprived of his freedom \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Interrogation & police expressly question defendant OR police words or actions are likely to elicit an incriminating response \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Waiver of Miranda rights & knowing and voluntary \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Voluntary Statements & After a defendant receives Miranda warnings and does not invoke the right to remain silent, the defendant might decide to make an uncoerced statement to police. Constitutes a waiver \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.04057 cm} x{2.93643 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{5th Amendment (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Invoking Miranda Rights & Right to counsel- unambiguously assert; Remain silent- unambiguously assert \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
Re-approaching the defendant & After invoking rights, police may not re-approach the defendant later. Exception—if there is a break in custody for 14 days or more, police may re-approach the defendant, give fresh Miranda warnings, and attempt to get a waiver \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 10)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Standing & Defendant may only assert his own Miranda rights \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
Exclusion of Statements & Voluntary- not protected \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Involuntary- inadmissible \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Second Confession- May be admissible if initial confession was the result of a good faith mistake \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 5)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Voluntary statement in violation of Miranda- admissible as impeachment but not substantive \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.04057 cm} x{2.93643 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{5th Amendment (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Physical evidence- Any physical fruits of a voluntary confession can be admissible evidence \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.54287 cm} x{3.43413 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{6th Amendment}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Right to Counsel & Automatically applies to all critical stages of prosecution after formal proceedings begin \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Formal proceedings & indictment or formal charges \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Offense Specific & does not prevent the police from questioning the defendant about other crimes that have not been formally charged \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Waiver & must be knowing and voluntary \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09494 cm} x{3.88206 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Line-Ups under Due Process}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Line-ups} & Must not be conducted in a manner that is impermissibly suggestive or provides a substantial likelihood of misidentification \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Photo array & neither defendant or lawyer has right to be present \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.04057 cm} x{2.93643 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Trial Considerations}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Due process- Burden of Proof & Prosecution must prove all elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Sentencing & Any fact, other than a prior conviction, that is used to increase the sentence beyond the statutory maximum, must be charged and proved beyond a reasonable doubt \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.04057 cm} x{2.93643 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Double Jeopardy}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Provides protection against: & Prosecution for the same offense after acquittal; Prosecution for the same offense after conviction; and Multiple punishments for the same offense \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Same v. separate offenses & test)—each crime must require proof of an element that the other does not to be considered a separate offense \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Prohibits multiple prosecutions of greater and lesser-included offenses \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Permissible to charge a defendant with a greater and lesser-included offense in the same action \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.9954 cm} x{3.9816 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Grand Jury}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{evidence} & can consider illegally obtained evidence and hearsay \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
counsel & witnesses do not have right to counsel \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{defendants} & no right to testify \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09494 cm} x{3.88206 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Guilty Plea}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
guilty plea & waiver of various rights to trial \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{validity} & must knowingly and intelligently waive rights \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
judge & Informs the defendant of his rights and ensures the defendant understands those rights; Informs the defendant of the possible sentences; Informs the defendant of immigration consequences (the judge is not required to inform the defendant of all collateral consequences, such as difficulty getting student loans); Makes sure there is a factual basis for the plea; determines no use of force/ coercion/ threats/ promises \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 14)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.94103 cm} x{3.03597 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Speedy and Public Trial Rights}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Speedy trial & SOL normally begins when crime occurs; Defendants can be injured by the passage of time between an alleged crime and their trial \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Speedy Trial Claim Factors & length of delay, reason for delay, whether defendant asserted his rights, risk of prejudice \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Public Trial & The Sixth Amendment and First Amendment, taken together, protect the rights of the defendant (Sixth) and the public (First) to attend public trials. Can close if substantial likelihood of prejudice \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 9)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Confrontation Clause & Right to confront witnesses against him \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Crawford Doctrine & If statement is testimonial, inadmissible if declarant is unavailable and defendant had no prior opportunity to cross-examine \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 6)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Bruton Doctrine & Defendant's statement is always admissible even if doesn't testify at trial \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.09034 cm} x{2.88666 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cruel and Unusual Punishment}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Length of Prison Sentences & The Supreme Court has given the government free rein to authorize virtually any length sentence for virtually any crime \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & No life with our parole for crimes committed while juvenile \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Capital punishment & only available if victim of crime dies \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & defendant must be 18+ when committed crime, mentally sound \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Capital punishment safeguards & including a bifurcated trial process, the opportunity to present mitigating evidence, and a process that sufficiently narrows the class of death-sentence eligible offenses. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 8)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Cruel or unusual punishment & prohibited under 8th amendment; Courts have extended this protection to conditions of confinement \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}