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% Document Info
\author{parkeraz}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (contracts.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (parkeraz)
  /Subject (Contracts Cheat Sheet)
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\noindent
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\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Contracts Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{parkeraz} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/32519/cs/10039/}}}
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\noindent
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}parkeraz \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/parkeraz} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 26th July, 2019.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.89126 cm} x{3.08574 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Offer and Acceptance in Bilateral Contracts}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Both sides make a promise} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
offer & an invitation for contract but not a contract \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
mailbox rule & acceptance made when put in mailbox \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & rejection when received \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Offeree response to offer & accept \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & reject \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & counter offer \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
option contract & Meets elements of offer but limits the promisor's power to revoke through extra consideration \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Offer and Acceptance in Unilateral Contracts}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{i. Promisor makes a promise in return for the act of another party} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
i. Consideration is the performance of the act & Cannot revoke after act has been substantially performed \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.29402 cm} x{3.68298 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Postponed Bargaining: Agreement to Agree}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
classical view & Future terms must be clear and defintite in order to be enforceable \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
modern view & Letter of intent could be binding- according to reasonable jury \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.84149 cm} x{3.13551 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Consideration}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{bargained for exchange} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{purely gratuitous promises wont be enforced} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Requirement of exchange & performace or return promise must be bargained for \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Classical definition & benefit to promisor, detriment to promisee \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Exceptions & grossly inadequate \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & conditions \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & moral consideration \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.64772 cm} p{0.73232 cm} x{2.19696 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Issues of agency}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Agents can be binding} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Kinds of Authority & \seqsplit{Actual} & Express \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & Implied \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \seqsplit{Apparent} & Not actual authority \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & Based on principle/ rank \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Interpreting contracts}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
shared intent & words have different meanings \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & context of negotiation and making the contracts \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
plain meaning & dictionary definition/ commonly understood meaning \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
contextual meaning & circumstances surrounding (purpose of terms, history of negotiations, business context ) \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
theories & subjective- meeting of the minds \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & objective- reasonable person, focus on words and conduct \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & modified objective- intention and other evidence relevant to contract \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
principles of interpretations & construe language consistently where posible \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & resolve ambiguity against drafter resolve ambiguity to make contract valid \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & handwritten/ typed preferred over preprinted \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Interpreting contracts (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & orefer interpretation that makes contract reasonable, lawful, and effective \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
customary practice terms & usage of trade- meaning or word in industry \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & cuorse of dealings- what has been used in past contracts \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
 & course of performance- has one party objected to the meaning in the past \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
hierarchy of interpretations & express terms \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
 & course of performance \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & course of dealings \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
 & usage of trade \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Restatement 201- whose meaning prevails & same meaning \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
 & i. Party does know of other meaning and other knew meaning attached by the first party \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 5)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Party had no reason to know of other meaning and other knew meaning attached by the first party \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Interpreting contracts (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & iii. Except as stated in this section, neither party is bound by the meaning attached by the other, even though the results may be a failure of mutual assent \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
Rules in Aid of interpretation & Circumstances \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Writing interpreted as a whole \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
 & unless different intention is manifested \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Section 204 & if terms are omitted, the court can apply reasonable terms \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
Determining word meaning & P has burden of proof because their interpretation id more favorable because D drafted \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 5)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
what to look at to determine word meaning & actual language \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
 & negotiating history \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & industry standards \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
 & applicable government regulations \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & conduct of parties after the agreement \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Interpreting contracts (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & If contract made in good faith and still can't make clear, dismiss the claim \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{white}
Doctrine of reasonable expectations (usually adhesion contracts) & Any nondickered terms should be interpreted in accordance with the non drafting party's reasonable expectations, even if this contradicts the express language of the contract \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 9)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Test for reasonable expectation & bizarre or oppressive terms \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Eviscerates dickered terms \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Eliminates dominant purpose of transaction \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Electronic and Layered contracting}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
shrink wrap & sellers terms come with delivery, accept if you keep the product \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
click wrap & click to agree to terms- asserts agreement \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
browse wrap & you agree to the terms by continuing on site- does not assert agreement \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
when is contract made & when purchase is made \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & sellers terms are additional proposals \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.44333 cm} x{3.53367 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Damages}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
direct & follow a breach of contract \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
incidental & losses related to actual damages \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{consequential} & result indirectly from act \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.79172 cm} x{3.18528 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Basics of a contractual obligation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Elements of a Contract & oral/ written agreement \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & exchange relationship/ consideration \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & at least one promise \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & enforceability \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & future action or promise \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
mutual assent & offer and acceptance - meeting of minds \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & objective manifestation \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
intention to be bound & manifestation of mutual assent \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & reasonable person standard \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.64241 cm} x{3.33459 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Qualified acceptance}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
battle of the forms & COMMON LAW \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
form contract & preconstructed \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
mirror image rule & terms and conditions must be identical \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
last shot rule & last form governs the contract \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.68758 cm} x{2.28942 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Article 2-207}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Additional terms in acceptance/ confirmation:} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Acceptance must be made conditional on assent to additional or different terms & (if 0-1 merchants) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Become part of contract & (if both merchants \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Unless: & offer expressly limits terms \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & terms materially alter it \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & notification of objection is given \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Statute of Frauds under the UCC}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Need some sufficient writing & not insufficient if incorrect term but only enforceable to the extent of that term \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{signed by party against whom enforcement is sought} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
between merchants & if within a reasonable time a writing in confirmation of the contractand sufficient against the sender is received and the party receiving it has reason to know its contents, it satisfies the requirements of subsection (1) against such party unless written notice of objection to its contents is given within 10 days after it is received. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 17)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
A contract which does not satisfy the requirements of subsection (1) but which is valid in other respects is enforceable & if the goods are to be specially manufactured for the buyer and are not suitable for sale to others in the ordinary course of the seller'sbusiness and the seller, before notice of repudiation is received and under circumstances which reasonably indicate that the goods are for the buyer, has made either a substantial beginning of their manufacture or commitments for their procurement; or \tn 
% Row Count 43 (+ 20)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Statute of Frauds under the UCC (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & if the party against whom enforcement is sought admits in his pleading, testimony or otherwise in court that a contract for sale was made, but the contract is not enforceable under this provision beyond the quantity of goodsadmitted; or \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 12)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Determining goods or services}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{contractual language} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{business} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{value} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.78712 cm} x{2.18988 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{UCC Article 2-205}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
firm offer & (similar to option contract) \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
offer by merchant in writing is not revocable for time stated & can't be more than three months \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & no consideration needed \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.63321 cm} x{1.34379 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{UCC Article 2-204}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
contract must be made in a manner to show sufficient agreement & include conduct \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{agreement even if the moment is unclear} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{some terms can be left open if parties intend to make a contract} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.59264 cm} x{3.38436 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{UCC Article 1-103}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
underlying purposes & simplify, clarify, modernize \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & permit continued expansion of commercial practices \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & uniform law amongst various jurisdictions \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Contract Formation under the UCC}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Applies to sale of goods/ transfer of title & not property \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & not services \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & not lease \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & not limited to commerical transactions \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & sometimes requires at least one party to be a merchant \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Promissory Estoppel}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Enforcement of a promise when the promisee relied on it to their detriment} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{not enforcing would be unjust} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A promise which the promisor should reasonably expect to induce an action or forbearance of a definite and substantial character on the part of the promisee and which does not induce such action or forbearance is binding if injustice can be avoided by enforcement of the promise} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.84149 cm} x{3.13551 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Promissory Reliance}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Pre acceptance reliance & hard to find outside of construction \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Minority & i. Contractor did not rely on promise to keep price but on promise to deliver product if accepted \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Majority & General contractors rely on subcontractors- detrimental reliance \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.9908 cm} x{2.9862 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Restitution}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
remedy for unjst enrichment & contract is implied in law for the purpose of providing a remedy \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Any person who is unjustly enriched at the expense of another is subject to liability of restitution} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
unjust & intent to charge \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & no imposition on the recipient (request, emergency, acceptance) \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
enrichment & benefit received (economic or something of value) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Quasi Contract Elemennts}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{p has conferred benefit from D} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{D has knowledge of the benefit} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{D has accepted or retained the benefit} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{it would be inequitable for D to retain the benefit without paying} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.51041 cm} x{1.28156 cm} x{1.78503 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Promissory Restitution}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{unjust enrichment} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
cannot rise off moral duties alone & Except: material benefit rule & promisor has been unjectly enriched \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & moral obligation contract- no consideration \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{action is not induced by a promise} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.28942 cm} x{2.68758 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Statute of Frauds}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
classes of contracts suject to SOF & contract of an executor or administrator to answer for the duty of his decedent \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & a contract to answer for the duty of another \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & a contract made upon consideration of a marriage \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & contract for the sale of an interest of land \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & a contract that cannot be performed within one year \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & sale of goods priced \$500 or more \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
- & - \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
must be in writing & does not have to be a formally executed document \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & can use more than one document to form a memorandum that satisfies the statute of frauds (all essential terms, at least one signed by party being charged) \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.28942 cm} x{2.68758 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Statute of Frauds (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & parol evidence can be used for unsigned writing to show assent \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Exceptions to the Statute of Frauds}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Part performance for real estate & A contract for the transfer of an interest in land may be specifically enforced notwithstanding failure to comply with the Statute of Frauds if it is established that the party seeking enforcement, in reasonable reliance on the contract and on the continuing assent of the party against whom enforcement is sought, has so changed his position that injustice can be avoided only by specific enforcement. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 19)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Reasonable reliance & A promise which the promisor should reasonably expect to induce action or forbearance on the part of the promisee or a third person and which does induce the action or forbearance is enforceable notwithstanding the Statute of Frauds if injustice can be avoided only by enforcement of the promise. The remedy granted for breach is to be limited as justice requires. \tn 
% Row Count 36 (+ 17)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Exceptions to the Statute of Frauds (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Factors to take into account & availability and adequacy of other remedies \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Definite and substantial character of the action or forbearance \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & extent of action \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & reasonableness of action \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & extent of foreseeability of the action by the promisor \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Parol evidence rule}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Rule & When the parties to a contract have mutually agreed to incorporate a final version of their entire agreement in a writing, neither party will be permitted to supplement that written agreement with "extrinsic evidence" of prior agreements of negotiations between them. When the writing is intended to be final only with respect to part of the agreement, the writing may not be contradicted but it may be supplemented by such extrinsic evidence \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 23)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
exception: & if meaning of word in contract is unclear, supplement with evidence \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Fully integrated & appears whole on its face (has all essential elements) \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Parol evidence rule (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & "four corners" approach (traditional approach) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{white}
 & merger clause- explains contract is final- not necessary but helpful \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
partial integration & will appear to have things left out \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
 & plain meaning approach- Williston- four corners of document \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & contextual approach- Corbin/ restatement 210- focus on actual intentions of parties, consider circumstances \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 6)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
Exceptions (PE does not keep out evidence) & evidence to explain meaning of the agreement \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & agreements made AFTER the execution of the writing \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
 & evidence to show the effectiveness of the agreement was subject to an oral condition precedent \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 5)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & evidence to show the agreement is invalid or illegal \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Parol evidence rule (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & evidence to establish equitable remedy, such as reformation \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
 & evidence to establish collateral agreement between the parties \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{if you sign something that you didn't agree to, you cannot enter extrinsic evidence} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
Some courts hold that trade usage cannot contradict express terms & Some courts always look at trade usage \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}