\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{parkeraz}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (constitutional-law.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (parkeraz)
  /Subject (Constitutional Law Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{969BA3}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F8F8F9}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Constitutional Law Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{parkeraz} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/32519/cs/20115/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}parkeraz \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/parkeraz} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 24th July, 2019.\\
   Updated 26th July, 2019.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.09034 cm} x{2.88666 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Justiciability}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Eleventh Amendment Limitation & Prohibits citizens from one state suing another state in federal court; Congress may abrogate under 13,14, and 15 Amednment \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Individual Standing & injury in fact, causation, and repressibility \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Organizational Standing & individual members have standing, claim is related to purpose of the organization, and individual members are not necessary to adjudicate the claim \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 7)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Mootness & Must have a live controversy \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Ripeness & injury must have occurred and not be speculative \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Legislative Powers}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Commerce Clause & Congress has power to regulate channel, instrumentalities, and activities that substantially effect interstate commerce \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Substantial Effect & Economic activity is presumed to have a substantial effect, can aggregate economic effect \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Spending Power & Congress can condition federal funds to states and require states to implement certain regulations (condition must relate to purpose) \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 7)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
10th Amendment & Congress cannot commandeer states by forcing them to pass specific legislation \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Delegation of Legislative Power & Congress may delegate its powers to an agency as long as it provides reasonably intelligible standards \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.44333 cm} x{3.53367 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Executive Powers}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Executive Orders} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Domestic Affairs & President has appointment and removal powers, the pardon power, the commander in chief power, and the duty to execute the law \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Foreign Affairs & President has the power to conduct foreign negotiations, to deploy troops overseas, and to make executive agreements \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{State Powers}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Supremacy Clause & If state law conflicts with federal law, the federal law governs. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Express Preemption & The federal law explicitly states that it is the only law allowed in that area \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Implied Preemption & Congress passes a federal law intending to "occupy the field", state law conflicts directly or indirectly \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Privileges and Immunities Clause & Prohibits states from discriminating against nonresidents, unless it is necessary to achieve an important government interest. Only applies to individual citizens \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 9)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
10th Amendment \& Commandeering & All powers not expressly given to the federal government are reserved to the states. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Dormant Commerce Clause & Clause, a state may not discriminate against out of state commerce or in a way that unduly burdens interstate commerce. \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{State Powers (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Dormant Commerce Clause - Discrimination & Can be discriminatory on its face or by its impact. State must show important interest and no other non-discriminatory means to achieve interest \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Dormant Commerce Clause - Unduly Burden & If a statute is not discriminatory, the law may still be invalid if causes an "undue burden" on interstate commerce. Court will balance purpose of statute, burden on interstate commerce, and whether there are less restrictive alternatives \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 13)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Market Participant Exception & can favor local business if state is acting as a buyer or seller \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.14471 cm} x{3.83229 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{State Action}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
State Action & The constitution protects against wrongful conduct by the government, not private parties \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & A private entity may be subject to the constitution if it is acting as if it is a state \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{5th Amendment Takings Clause}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Government Action & Protects from government "taking" of private property; Includes taking land and also regulatory takings by rezoning, prohibiting development, etc. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Private Property & Usually involves land or other real property; Can be other property such as contract and patent rights or trade secrets \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Public Use & Must be rationally related to a conceivable public purpose- Includes health, safety, economic development, etc. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Physical Taking & Government physically takes or occupies the land \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Regulatory Taking & A law has the effect of decreasing the value of the property \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Total Taking & the regulation leaves no economically viable use of the property \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Partial Taking & the regulation affects some economic use of the land, but there is still some economic use available- economic impact, reasonable expectations, character of the regulation \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{5th Amendment Takings Clause (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Exaction & Local government may exact promises from a developer in exchange for construction permits. NOT a taking if essential nexus and rough proportionality \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
Just \seqsplit{Compensation} & Property owner is entitled to the fair market value of the property at the time of the taking \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Zoning & Local governments have the power to pass zoning ordinances, so long as they are reasonably related to a legitimate government purpose (health, safety, morals, and general welfare) \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 7)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
Variance & May be granted to allow the owner to continue the nonconforming use of the land. If not granted, owner must show undue burden \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 5)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Must show that the zoning ordinance amounts to a regulatory taking \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Due Process}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Procedural & The government shall not deprive a person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Amount of Due Process- Factors & Interest affected, value of additional safeguards, burden or cost of additional process \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Substantive Due Process & Whether the government's action (such as a law or regulation) impermissibly infringes on an individual's rights \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Standard of Review- Fundamental Rights (life, liberty, property, voting, travel, privacy) & Strict scrutiny—only valid if necessary to achieve a compelling governmental interest \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Standard of Review- Non-fundamental Rights & Rational basis—valid if rationally related to a legitimate government interest \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.94103 cm} x{3.03597 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Equal Protection Clause}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Discrimination Requirement & Discriminatory intent—strict or intermediate scrutiny (depending on classification); Disparate impact—rational basis review \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Strict Scrutiny & Applies to any law involving fundamental rights and classifications based on race, ethnicity, and national origin. Government must show least restrictive means to achieve a compelling government interest \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 9)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Intermediate Scrutiny & Applies to laws involving gender and non-marital children born outside of marriage. Gov. must show substantially related to important government interest. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 7)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Gender discrimination—must also show an "exceedingly persuasive justification" and that facilities are substantially equivalent \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Rational Basis & All other rights and classifications. Plaintiff must show not rationally related to legitimate government interest. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.94103 cm} x{3.03597 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Equal Protection Clause (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Enabling Clause & Under the 14th Amendment, Section 5—Congress may pass legislation to enforce equal protection and due process rights (overriding state statutes) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.23965 cm} x{2.73735 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Freedom of Speech}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Symbolic Speech & Expressive Conduct \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Overbreadth & A statute is impermissibly overbroad if it regulates more speech than necessary to protect a compelling government interest. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Vagueness & A statute is void for vagueness if it fails to provide a person of ordinary intelligence with fair notice of what is prohibited. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Prior Restraints & A prior restraint prohibits speech before it occurs; generally not allowed unless specific procedural safeguards are in place; Standards must be narrowly drawn, reasonable, and definite \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 9)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Right Not to Speak & Protected by the First Amendment \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Content Based & Strict Scrutiny. Government must show the regulation is necessary to achieve a compelling governmental interest and narrowly tailored to meet that interest \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.23965 cm} x{2.73735 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Freedom of Speech (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Content Neutral & Intermediate Scrutiny. Government must show that the regulation is substantially related to an important government interest \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Time, place, and manner & Validity depends on the type of forum \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Public Forum & Content neutral, alternative channels of communication be left open, narrowly serve a significant state interest \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 6)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Nonpublic Forum & basically, any reasonable regulation of speech will be upheld \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Limited Public Forum & Describes a place that is not a traditional public forum, but that the government chooses to open to all comers. Only time, place, or manner regulations are allowed \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 8)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Less Protected: Commercial Speech & Commercial speech is protected unless it is false, misleading, or unlawful. Can only be regulated if interest is substantial, regulation directly advances interest, and regulation is narrowly tailored \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 10)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.23965 cm} x{2.73735 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Freedom of Speech (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Unprotected & Obscenity, Incitement to Violence, Fighting Words \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
Defamation & There are constitutional limitations on defamation actions when the plaintiff is a public official or public figure, or the speech involves a matter of public concern. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 8)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.09034 cm} x{2.88666 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Religion}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Establishment Clause & Prohibits the government from establishing a religion, preferring a particular religion over another, or preferring religion over non-religion \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Facially Religious Preference & If statute shows a preference to one religion over another (or to religion over non-religion), strict scrutiny applies \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Facially Neutral Statute & Lemon Test: The law must have a secular purpose; primary effect neither advances nor prohibits religion; and law does not result in excessive government entanglement with religion \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 8)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Free Exercise Clause & Includes the freedom to believe and the freedom to act. Must have a genuine belief in that religion \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Belief & A person's beliefs are absolutely protected \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Conduct & Laws that intentionally target religions conduct are subject to strict scrutiny; Laws that are generally applicable, but happen to impact religion are subject to the rational basis test \tn 
% Row Count 37 (+ 9)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}