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% Document Info
\author{MrDeniz (papapadzul)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (unit-5-loops.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (MrDeniz (papapadzul))
  /Subject (Unit 5 - Loops Cheat Sheet)
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Unit 5 - Loops Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{MrDeniz (papapadzul)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/68635/cs/17910/}}}
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\begin{multicols}{3}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}MrDeniz (papapadzul) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/papapadzul} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 14th November, 2018.\\
   Updated 14th November, 2018.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is LOOP}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{A loop can be used to tell a program to execute statements repeatedly. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
Suppose that you need to display a string (e.g., Programming is fun!) 100 times. It would \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
be tedious to type the statement 100 times: \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
print("Programming is fun!") \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
print("Programming is fun!") \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
... \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
print("Programming is fun!")% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{count = 0 \newline while count \textless{} 100: \newline print("Programming is fun!") \newline count = count + 1}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The for Loop}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{i = initialValue \# Initialize loop-control variable \{\{nl\}\} \newline while i \textless{} endValue: \{\{nl\}\} \newline \# Loop body \{\{nl\}\} \newline ... \{\{nl\}\} \newline i += 1 \# Adjust loop-control variable \{\{nl\}\} \newline A for loop can be used to simplify the preceding loop: \{\{nl\}\} \newline for i in range(initialValue, endValue): \{\{nl\}\} \newline \# Loop body \{\{nl\}\} \newline In general, the syntax of a for loop is: \{\{nl\}\} \newline for var in sequence: \{\{nl\}\} \newline \# Loop body \{\{nl\}\}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{A Python for loop iterates through each value in a sequence.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Loop Design Strategies}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Step 1: Identify the statements that need to be repeated. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
Step 2: Wrap these statements in a loop like this: \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
while True: \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
{\emph{       Statements}} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
Step 3: Code the \seqsplit{loop-continuation-condition} and add appropriate statements for controlling the loop. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 3)
while \seqsplit{loop-continuation-condition:} \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
     {\emph{Statements}} \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
     {\emph{Additional statements for controlling the loop}}% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Controlling a Loop}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}With user Confirmation\{\{bb\}\}} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}continueLoop == 'Y': \{\{nl\}\} while continueLoop == 'Y' : \{\{nl\}\}\# Execute the loop body once \{\{nl\}\}... \{\{nl\}\}\# Prompt the user for confirmation \{\{nl\}\}continueLoop = input("Enter Y to continue and N to quit: ")} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bb\}\}Sentinel Value\{\{bb\}\}} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Another common technique for controlling a loop is to designate a special input value, known as a sentinel value, which signifies the end of the input. A loop that uses a sentinel value in this way is called a sentinel-controlled loop. \{\{nl\}\}\{\{nl\}\} data = eval(input("Enter an integer (the input ends " + "if it is 0): ")) \{\{nl\}\} \{\{nl\}\} \# Keep reading data until the input is 0 \{\{nl\}\} sum = 0\{\{nl\}\} sum += data\{\{nl\}\} data = eval(input("Enter an integer (the input ends " + "if it is 0): ")) \{\{nl\}\} \{\{nl\}\}  print("The sum is", sum)} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 13)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Input-Output Redirection}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{number = eval(input("Enter an integer: "))\{\{nl\}\} max = number \{\{nl\}\} while number != 0: \{\{nl\}\} number = eval(input("Enter an integer: ")) \{\{nl\}\} if number \textgreater{} max: \{\{nl\}\} max = number\{\{nl\}\} print("max is", max) \{\{nl\}\} print("number", number) \{\{nl\}\}% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The while Loop}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{A while loop executes statements repeatedly as long as a condition remains true. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
while \seqsplit{loop-continuation-condition:} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\# Loop body \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
Statement(s)% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{sum = 0 \newline i = 1 \newline while i \textless{} 10: \newline sum = sum + i \newline i = i + 1 \newline print("sum is", sum)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nested Loop}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{print(" Multiplication Table") \newline \# Display the number title \newline print(" |", end = '') \newline   \newline print(" ", j, end = '') \newline print() \# Jump to the new line \newline print("——————————————————————————————————————————") \newline   \newline \# Display table body \newline   \newline print(i, "|", end = '') \newline  \newline \# Display the product and align properly \newline print(format(i * j, "4d"), end = '') \newline print() \# Jump to the new line} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{A loop can be nested inside another loop. \newline Nested loops consist of an outer loop and one or more inner loops.  \newline Each time the outer loop is repeated, the inner loops are reentered and started anew.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Keyword break}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{1 sum = 0 \newline 2 number = 0 \newline 3 \newline 4 while number \textless{} 20: \newline 5 number += 1 \newline 6 sum += number \newline 7 if sum \textgreater{}= 100: \newline 8 break \newline 9 \newline 10 print("The number is", number) \newline 11 print("The sum is", sum)} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{TestBreak.py}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Keyword continue}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{1 sum = 0 \newline 2 number = 0 \newline 3 \newline 4 while number \textless{} 20: \newline 5 number += 1 \newline 6 if number == 10 or number == 11: \newline 7 continue \newline 8 sum += number \newline 9 \newline 10 print("The sum is", sum)} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{TestContinue.py}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}