\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
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\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
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\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{ozzie51}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (dig-cheat-sheet.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (ozzie51)
  /Subject (dig Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
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% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{dig Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{ozzie51} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/210601/cs/45449/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}ozzie51 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/ozzie51} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 16th January, 2025.\\
   Updated 16th January, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Examples}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Troubleshooting DNS issues}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Check the DNS resolution by verifying if a domain name resolves correctly:} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`dig example.com`} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Ensure the domain's name servers are correctly configured:} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`dig example.com NS`} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Identify where DNS resolution might be failing by tracing the entire DNS lookup path:} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`dig example.com +trace`} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Verify the DNSSEC settings to see if the RRSIG records are present:} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`dig example.com +dnssec`} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Make sure that an IP address resolves to the correct domain name:} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`dig -x 93.184.216.34`} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{To fix specific services like email, check the relevant DNS records. For example:} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`dig example.com MX`} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Pay attention to each output and make sure the ANSWER sections are correct.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Monitoring DNS propagation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Use the @server option to query a specific DNS server, such as Google's public DNS server:} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`dig @8.8.8.8 example.com`} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Query different DNS servers to compare their responses. For Cloudflare's server, run:} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`dig @1.1.1.1 example.com`} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{If the ANSWER sections from different servers match, the DNS changes have propagated successfully. Otherwise, some servers may still need to update their records. You can check the propagation status periodically.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Performance testing}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Measuring DNS response times is essential for assessing your DNS servers' performance. This lets you identify slowdowns or issues affecting your network's speed and reliability.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Run the basic {\bf{dig}} command. Focus on the output's {\bf{Query time}} field, which indicates the time taken to get a DNS server response:} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`dig example.com`} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Query different DNS servers to compare their response times. This helps identify which servers are performing better:} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`dig @1.1.1.1 example.com`} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`dig @8.8.8.8 example.com`} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Use the {\bf{+stats}} option for additional statistics about query times and server details:} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`dig example.com +stats`} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Syntax}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{dig {[}server{]} {[}name{]} {[}type{]}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.74655 cm} x{4.23045 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{dig command options}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{+short} & Displays only the most relevant information, such as the IP address for an A record \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{+noall} & Suppresses all sections of the output except those explicitly requested \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{+answer} & Shows only the answer section of the output. Typically used with +noall \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{+trace} & Performs a complete trace of the DNS resolution process from the root servers down to the authoritative servers. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{@server} & Specifies a different DNS server to query instead of the default one \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
-x & Performs a reverse DNS lookup, translating an IP address to a domain name \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{+multi} & Formats the output to be more human-readable, which is useful when dealing with multiple DNS records \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{+nocmd} & Omits the initial command line from the output, showing only the results \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{+stats} & Shows the statistics section, which includes query time and server details \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.84149 cm} x{3.13551 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{List specific resource record types}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Base Syntax & `dig www.google.com type` \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Authority Record & `dig www.google.com SOA` \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
IPv4 address(-es) & `dig www.google.com A` \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
IPv6 address(-es) & `dig www.google.com AAAA` \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Canonical Records & `dig www.google.com CNAME` \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Mail eXchangers & `dig google.com MX` \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Standard Reverse Lookup & `dig 2.69.219.91.in-addr.arpa PTR` \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Simple Reverse Lookup & `dig -x www.google.com` \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Caveat:}} If you forget to configure MX records for an object, most mail servers will try to deliver messages to the A record associated to the host.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4577 cm} x{1.23579 cm} x{2.88351 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Response Codes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
0 & `NOERR` & No error \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
1 & `FORMERR` & Unable to understand query \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
2 & \seqsplit{`SERVFAIL`} & Server problem \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
3 & \seqsplit{`NXDOMAIN`} & Domain does not exist \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
4 & `NOTIMPL` & Query not implemented \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
5 & `REFUSED` & Query not allowed \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{If the verification of a DNSSEC signed answer fails, this also results in `SERVFAIL`}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.9954 cm} x{3.9816 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Output sections}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
HEADER & dig command version, options used, type of operation, status of the operation, message id. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{QUESTION} & This is your input - the query you sent to the DNS. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ANSWER & {\bf{Column 2:}} TTL (cache time) in seconds; {\bf{Column 3:}} Class (IN=Internet, CH=Chaos, HS=Hesiod); {\bf{Column 4:}} Resource Record Type (A, NS, CNAME, MX, PTR...); {\bf{Column 5:}} The content of the resource record (IP, Name, Text...) \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 8)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{AUTHORITY} & The DNS servers that have the authority to answer the query (in form of NS records). \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{ADDITIONAL} & This section carries resource records that are attached to help you avoid additional queries or even bootstrap certain zones (Glue records). \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}