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  /Title (data-analytics-exam-1.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (nova-cane98)
  /Subject (Data Analytics Exam 1 Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Data Analytics Exam 1 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{nova-cane98} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/217313/cs/47738/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}nova-cane98 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/nova-cane98} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 28th February, 2026.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.48 cm} x{5.52 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{IMPACT Model}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
I & ID the questions \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
M & Master the data \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
P & Perform test plan \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
A & Address and refine results \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
C & Communicate insights \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
T\{\{bb=1\}\} & Track outcomes \{\{bb=1\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Identify & \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\}understand the problem that needs addressing \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Attributes = Audience, Scope, Use \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Master & \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\}what data is available \& will that data help address the problem \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Need to know about the data: \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & how to access \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
 & availability \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & reliability \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
 & frequency of updates \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & time line of data coverage \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
Perform Test Plan & \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\}think of the right approach to the data to be able to answer the question \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 4)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & ID relationship between response/ dependent and predictor/ explanatory/ independent variables \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.48 cm} x{5.52 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{IMPACT Model (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{8 approaches}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \{\{fa-circle\}\} Classification "sorting into predefined categories" \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & \{\{fa-circle\}\} Regression "a number" \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \{\{fa-circle\}\} Similarity Matching "similar individuals" \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & \{\{fa-circle\}\} Clustering "finding natural groups" \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \{\{fa-circle\}\}Co-occurrence grouping "associations based on transactions" \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & \{\{fa-circle\}\} Profiling "the typical" \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \{\{fa-circle\}\} Link Prediction "relationship between two data" \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & \{\{fa-circle\}\} Data Reduction "Reduces to most critical" \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
Address and refine & \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\}Data analysis is iterative \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & slice, dice, and manipulate the data \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
Communicate & \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\}insights are formed by decision makers and are communicated \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & executive summaries, static reports, digital dashboards, and data visualizations \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{IMPACT Model (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 30
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Track outcomes & \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\}can we predict future outcomes \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{white}
 & then you can test how accurate the predictions were \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Business Environment and Big Data}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Big Data} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
4 V's & Volume (size) \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Velocity (speed) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Variety (types) \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Veracity (quality) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Impact of data}} \{\{ac\}\} \{\{bb=1\}\} \{\{bt=1\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
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Auditing & Audits must embrace technology. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Technology = better quality, transparency, accuracy in audit. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & gathering data \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\} rationale behind data queries \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & expands auditors' capabilities in fraud detection \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & automating compliance-monitoring activities \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Management Accounting & (most similar to analytics) \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Job of MA: \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
 & are asked questions by management \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & find data to address those questions \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
 & analyze the data \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & report the results to management \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Financial Reporting} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 18
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Financial Statement Analysis} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Business Environment and Big Data (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 19
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Tax} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.76 cm} x{4.24 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Relational Database}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Benefits of (3NF) Relational DB} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Completeness \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & No redundancy \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Business rules enforcement (IC) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bb=1\}\} & \{\{bb=1\}\} Communication and integration of business processes \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
ETL process & extract, transform, load \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{doing what to the data?}} \{\{ac\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Extract} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 1. Determining the purpose and scope \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 2. Obtaining \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Transform} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 3. Validating for completeness and integrity \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 4. Cleaning \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Load} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bb=2\}\} & 5. Loading the data \{\{bb=2\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{ DO a VICy Clean Load}}\{\{ac\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Step 1}} Determining  \{\{border=1\}\} & \{\{bb=1\}\} the purpose,  to solve, what problem \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
 & reliability, usefulness \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & nature, timing, and extent \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.76 cm} x{4.24 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Relational Database (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Step 2}} Obtaining  \{\{border=1\}\} & \{\{bb=1\}\} How obtain? \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
 & standard data request form?? \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Where data? \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
 & What specific data? \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & what tools needed \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
ID what {\bf{you}} need to Extract & Where is  {\bf{your}} info \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & tables \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
 & attributes \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & relations between the 2 \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Step 3}}  Validating \{\{border=1\}\} & \{\{bb=1\}\} ensure extracted data = complete \&  integrity \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
4 steps after extraction & 1. Compare number of records in OG and extracted \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 2. Compare descriptive statistics \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 3. Validate Date/Time fields \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 4. Compare string limits \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Step 4}} \{\{border=1\}\} & \{\{bb=1\}\} Cleaning \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{white}
4 steps to clean & Remove headings or subtotals \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Clean leading zeroes and (NPC's) nonprintable characters \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.76 cm} x{4.24 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Relational Database (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Format negative numbers \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Correct inconsistencies (US, U.S., United States, States) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Common quality issues & Dates \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Numbers \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & International characters and encoding \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 41
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Languages and measures \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 42
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Human error \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 43
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Step 5}} \{\{border=1\}\} & \{\{bb=1\}\} Loading \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 44
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & if previous steps were done correctly then no loading necessary \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Extract = Determining \& Obtaining / 1 \& 2 \newline Transform = Validating \& Cleaning / 3 \& 4 \newline Load = Load / 5}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.052 cm} x{2.812 cm} x{2.736 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{4 quads}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bb=3\}\}\{\{br=3\}\} & Declarative\{\{bb=3\}\}\{\{br=3\}\} & Exploratory\{\{bb=3\}\}\{\{br=3\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Qual\{\{br=3\}\}\{\{bb=3\}\} & Quad 1\{\{br=1\}\}\{\{bb=1\}\} & Quad 3\{\{bb=1\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Quan\{\{br=3\}\}\{\{bb=3\}\} & Quad 2\{\{br=1\}\} & Quad 4 \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Distributions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Normal Distribution & ANY mean and ANY standard deviation \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The mean, median, and mode are all equal \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Half the data falls below the mean, half above \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & SAT scores, IQ scores, heights and weights of newborn babies \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Standard Normal Distribution & special \{\{fa-star-o\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
not typical for  data-driven quantitative data & A mean of exactly 0 \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & A standard deviation of exactly 1 \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & the mean is 0, the median and mode are also 0 \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Poisson Distribution \{\{fa-ban\}\} & the probability of a specific number of events happening in a fixed time period \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.64 cm} x{5.36 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Data Governance and Ethics}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Institute of Business Ethics} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{6 Questions} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Does the company.... & How does the company use data? \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & ...send a privacy notices? \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & ...assess the risks for the customer? \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & ...have safeguards for the risks of data misuse? \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & ... have the appropriate tools to manage the risks of data misuse? \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & ...conduct appropriate due diligence when sharing with or acquiring data from third parties? \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-user-secret\}\} LMAO this is America, we have no data protection  \newline \{\{fa-dollar\}\} This country is ruled by the amount of profit that share holders can extract   \newline \{\{fa-institution\}\} No data rights for our own data  \newline \#bigbrother4profit}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.92 cm} x{4.08 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{7 goals CH1}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Developed Analytics Mindset & Recognize when and how data analytics can address business questions. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Data Scrubbing and Data Preparation & Comprehend the process needed to clean and prepare the data before analysis. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Data Quality & Recognize what is meant by data quality, be it completeness, reliability, or validity. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Descriptive Data Analysis & Perform basic analysis to understand the quality of the underlying data and its ability to address the business question. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 7)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Data Analysis through Data Manipulation & Demonstrate the ability to sort, rearrange, merge, and reconfigure data in a manner that allows enhanced analysis. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 6)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Statistical Data Analysis Competency & Identify and implement an approach that will use statistical data analysis to draw conclusions and make recommendations on a timely basis. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.92 cm} x{4.08 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{7 goals CH1 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Data Visualization and Data Reporting & Report results of analysis in an accessible way to each varied decision maker and their specific needs. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Main Types of Data Analytics}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Descriptive (past) & summarize existing data \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & what has happened \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Diagnostic (current) & explore the data \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & why something has happened the way it has \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Predictive (future) & used to generate a model \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & what is likely to happen \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Prescriptive (current/ for future) & identify the best possible options given constraints \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & more advanced AI \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bb=1\}\} & optimize current processes \{\{bb=1\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Descriptive}}\{\{border=1\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Summary statistics & mean, median, standard deviation, ect \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Data reduction or filtering & {\emph{IFIF (Identify attribute, Filter, Interpret, Follow up)}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Diagnostic}}\{\{border=1\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
Benefits of Diagnostic & reduced external audit fees, reduced audit delay, lower material weaknesses, restatements \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 5)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Profiling\{\{fa-arrow-right\}\} & Characterizes the {\bf{typical}} behavior \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Main Types of Data Analytics (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 15
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 & IDSIF (ID, Determine, Set boundaries, Interpret, Follow-up \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{How profile?}} & {\emph{Z-score}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 17
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 & {\emph{Box Whisker}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\emph{interquartile range (IQR)}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Clustering (finding natural groups) \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\} & {\bf{Divides}} individuals into groups that share common underlying characteristics \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
Hypothesis Testing & proof if P\&C are meaningful \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Similarity matching \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\} & Identifies similar individuals based on data already known about them \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
Cooccurrence grouping & Discovers associations between individuals based on transactions they are both involved in \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 5)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Predictive}}\{\{border=1\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
 & target = attribute or value to evaluate \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & class = assigned category (to record for event) \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
Regression (number) & Estimates or predicts a numerical value for a variable using a statistical model \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Main Types of Data Analytics (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
IV/DFF/IP/EF & Identify the variables, Determine the functional form, Identify parameters, Evaluate fit \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
Classification (sorting into predefined categories) & Assigns each unit into a small set of categories or classes \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Link Prediction (relationship) & Predicts a relationship between two data items \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Prescriptive}}\{\{border=1\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Decision support systems & Rule-based systems that gather data and recommend actions \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{white}
Artificial intelligence & Learning models that adapt to new data over time to make recommendations \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Benford's law}} & The law states that in many naturally occurring collections of numbers, the significant leading digit is likely to be small. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 7)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{white}
overfitting\{\{bt=1\}\} & complex models\{\{bt=1\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
underfitting & simple models \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{significance level =  alpha \newline t-test = p-value \textless{} alpha = statistically significant else \{\{fa-thumbs-o-down\}\}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Graphs Charts and Tables OH MY!}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Why Pictures?}}\{\{bb=1\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
statistics & alone can be misleading \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
visualizations & visualizations \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Purpose }}\{\{bt=1\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Declarative & presenting findings \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Exploratory & discovering insights \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Qualitative & categorical \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Quantitative & numerical \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Data Types}}\{\{bt=1\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Qualitative Data (categorical):} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Nominal & only count and group \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Ordinal & \{\{fa-angle-down\}\} AND rank \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Quantitative Data (numerical):} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
Interval (no 0) & \{\{fa-angle-down\}\}and measure differences \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Ratio & \{\{fa-angle-down\}\}has a meaningful zero \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{The right chart}}\{\{bt=1\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{QUAL} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
Bar/Column C. & compares proportions of categories \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{fa-pie-chart\}\} Pie chart C. & parts of a whole \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
Stacked bar C. & shows proportion AND allows comparison \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Word cloud & used for text data \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{QUAN} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{fa-line-chart\}\}Line C. (continuous ) & trends over time \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Graphs Charts and Tables OH MY! (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Box and whisker P. & quartiles, medians, and outliers \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
Scatter P. & correlation between two variables or a trend line \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Filled geographic map & data ranges across geography \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Refining}}\{\{bt=1\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textasciitilde{}readability\textasciitilde{} & How much data do you need to show \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Should outliers be displayed or removed? \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textasciitilde{}make differences look dramatic\{\{fa-bomb\}\}\textasciitilde{} & What scale should be used? \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Do you need reference points to make the scale meaningful? \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textasciitilde{}\{\{fa-ban\}\}distract from data\textasciitilde{} & When should you use multiple colors? \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Reports}}} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{get to the point} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{white}
I & Explain what was being researched \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
M & Overview of the data source and what data was included \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{white}
P & Describe the analytical approach used \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 37
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A & Present the results of the analysis \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Graphs Charts and Tables OH MY! (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 38
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C & Communicate the insights and what they mean \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{white}
T & Describe what outcomes will be tracked going forward \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2 cm} x{6 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Data Types}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Discrete Data & whole numbers \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & number of students in a class \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Interval Data & the differences between values are meaningful and equal \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Fahrenheit temperature \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & time on a clock \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Ratio data & requires a true zero \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 0 pounds = no weight \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 0 dollars = no money  \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\} no problems \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}