\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{Eeveepuff (NKeeveepuff)} \pdfinfo{ /Title (oncology-part-1.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (Eeveepuff (NKeeveepuff)) /Subject (Oncology Part 1 Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A3A3A3} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F3F3F3} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Oncology Part 1 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Eeveepuff (NKeeveepuff)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/149511/cs/32483/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Eeveepuff (NKeeveepuff) \\ \uline{cheatography.com/nkeeveepuff} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Published 19th June, 2022.\\ Updated 19th June, 2022.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{4} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Important Notes}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Diagnosis = histopathology*} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Nadir & Period when side effect of syst. chemotherapy most severe \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{Nadir for most of cytostatic drugs}} & Minimal number of leukocytes after chemotherapy that most often falls b/w 6 \& 14 days \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 5) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Primary prevention of febrile neutropenia & risk of FN ≥ 20\% \{\{nl\}\} Filgrastim (or) Filigrastin \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Absorbed dose of ionizing radiation & Dose quantity which is the measure of energy deposited in matter by ionizing radiation / unit mass \{\{nl\}\} SI = Gray (Gy) \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 6) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Monoclonal antibody drugs & Usually end in -mab \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors & Targeted therapy in adenocarcinoma \{\{nl\}\} -{}-\textgreater{} erlotinib, gefitinib, afatinib \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 4) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} WHO Analgesic Ladder & {\bf{3 Steps}} \{\{nl\}\} Step 1: Non-opioid + optional adjuv. analgesics for mild pain \{\{nl\}\} Step 2: Weak opioid + non-opioid \& adjuv. analgesics for mild - moderate pain \{\{nl\}\} Step 3: Strong opioid + non-opioid \& adjuv. analgesics for moderate - severe pain \tn % Row Count 37 (+ 13) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{* excluding CLL, CML t(9;22), etc.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.40753 cm} x{2.02547 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{General Symptoms \& Signs}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Unexplained pain & Skin Changes \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Palor (anemia) & Fever of unknown origin \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Night sweats & Jaundice \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Cachexia or substantial body weight loss in short period of time (10\%)} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.06423 cm} x{2.36877 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Blood Tests}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{CBC}} & {\bf{ESR, LDH, CRP}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Urine analysis}} & {\bf{Specific changes in typical blood parameters}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Tumor markers & FC (flow cytometry) \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.61351 cm} x{1.81949 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Tumor Markers}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) & used in colorectal ca. monitoring \{\{nl\}\} Not specific (lung, prostate, breast ca.) \{\{nl\}\} Elevated in inflammation \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} AFP \seqsplit{(alpha-fetoprotein)} & conc. \{\{fa-long-arrow-up\}\} in hepatocellular carcinomas \& some testicular ca. (nonseminomas) \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 5) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} b-HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) & \{\{fa-long-arrow-up\}\} in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (eg: chorioncarcinoma), some ca. \& embryonic-type tumors: neuroblastoma \& nephroblastoma \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 8) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} CA125 & In 80\% of ovarian ca. \{\{nl\}\} Assessment of tumor mass \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} CA 15-3 & In disseminated breast ca. , not used for monitoring \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Thyreoglobulin & In papillary \& follicular thyroid ca. \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Calcitonin & In medullary thyroid ca. \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} PSA \seqsplit{(prostate-specific} antigen) & Highly specific for prostate \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 2) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.61351 cm} x{1.81949 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Tumor Markers (cont)}} \tn % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} CA 19-9 & Gastrointestinal tract ca. (not specific) \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{7 Cancer Warning Signals ({\bf{CAUTION}})}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{C}}hange in bowel / bladder habits} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{A}} sore throat that does not heal} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{U}}nusual bleeding or discharge} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{T}}hickening of lump in breast or elsewhere} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{I}}ndigestion / difficulties in swallowing} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{O}}bvious change in wart or mole} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{N}}agging cough or hoarseness} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{This is by American Cancer Society} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.06155 cm} x{1.03122 cm} x{0.94023 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{TNM Classification}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Tumour (extent) & Nodes (region) & Metastasis (distant) \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} T0 & N0 & M0 \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} T1 & N1 & M1 \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} T2 & N2 & \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} T3 & N3 & \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{T4} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Tx - can't be assessed & Nx - can't be assessed & \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{cTNM - clinical \newline pTNM - pathological \newline ycTNM - treated tumours \newline \newline *in pM -{}-\textgreater{} only pM1 possible! \newline \newline m - multiple primary tumors @ single site {[}eg: T2(m) T1c(5){]} \newline aTNM - @ autopsy \newline rTNM - @ recurrence \newline \newline V Venous invasion \newline L Lymphatic invasion \newline Pn - {\bf{P}}eri{\bf{n}}eural invasion} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.40753 cm} x{2.02547 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Oncogene + Antioncogene}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} BRCA-1 \& BRCA-2 & Breast ca. , ovarian ca. \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} MGMT & Glioblastoma \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} PALB-2 & Breast ca. , ovarian ca. , pancreatic ca. \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} RAS & lung ca. , ovarian ca. , colon ca. , etc. \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} EGFR & lung ca. , glioblastoma, breast invasive ductal ca. , colon ca. \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} p-53 & Li-Fraumeni syndrome \{\{nl\}\} breast ca. soft tissue sarcoma, osteosarcoma, brain tumors, pancreatic ca. , adrenal gland ca. , gastric ca. , colorectal ca. \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 7) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} DCC (deleted colorectal ca.) & cause spectrum of neurological disorders \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} ATM & Ataxia-Telangiesctasia (AT) \{\{nl\}\} breast ca. risk, pancreatic ca. risk. ovarian ca. risk. prostate ca. , melanoma, etc. \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 6) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Rb & retinoblastoma, bladder ca. , small cell lung ca. \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 3) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} C-SIS & gliomas \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} C-ERB-B & glioblastoma, breast ca. \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 2) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.40753 cm} x{2.02547 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Oncogene + Antioncogene (cont)}} \tn % Row 11 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} C-ABL & chronic myeloid leukemia \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{white} C-MYC & leukemias, breast ca. , etc. \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} C-BCL-2 & chronic lymphocytic leukemia, malignant melanoma \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{white} NK-1 & neurofibroma, pheochromocytoma, leukemia \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} x{3.0897 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Assessment Scale - ECOG}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 0 & Fully active, able to carry on all pre-disease performance w/o restriction \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} 1 & Restricted in physically strenuous activity b/ ambulatory \& able to carry out work of a light or sedentary nature \{\{nl\}\} eg: light house work, office work \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 5) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 2 & Ambulatory \& capable of all selfcare b/ unable to carry out any work activities. Up and about \textgreater{}50\% of waking hours \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} 3 & Capable of only limited selfcare, confined to bed or chair \textgreater{}50\% of waking hours \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 4 & Completely disabled. Can't carry on any selfcare. Totally confined to bed or chair \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} 5 & Dead \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} x{3.0897 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Karnofsky PSS Definitions Rating (\%) Criteria}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 100 & Normal no complaints ; no evidence of disease \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} 90 & Able to carry on normal activity ; minor signs or symp. of disease \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 80 & Normal activity with effort ; some signs or symp. of disease \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} 70 & Cares for self ; unable to carry on normal activity or to do active work \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 60 & Requires occasional assistance, b/ is able to care for most of his personal needs \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} 50 & Requires considerable assistance \& freq. medical care \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 40 & Disable ; req. special care \& assistance \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} 30 & Severely disabled ; hospital admission is indicated although death not imminent \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 3) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 20 & Very sick ; hospital admission necessary ; active supportive treatment necessary \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 3) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} 10 & Moribund ; fatal processess progressing rapidly \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 0 & Dead \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{100-80 -{}-\textgreater{} Able to carry on normal activity \& to work ; no special care needed \newline 70-50 -{}-\textgreater{} Unable to work ; able to live at home \& care for most personal needs ; varying amount of assistance needed \newline 40-0 -{}-\textgreater{} Unable to care for self ; requires equivalent of institutional or hospital care ; disease may be progressing rapidly} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Degree of Differentiation (G)}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Degree of differentiation often relates to clinical behavior of particular tumor} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Based on microscopic appearance of cancer cells, pathologists commonly describe tumor grade by 4 degrees of severity} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Grade 1} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Often well-differentiated / low-grade tumors \{\{nl\}\} Generally considered least aggressive in behaviour} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Grade 3/4} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Usually poorly differentiated / undifferentiated high-grade tumors \{\{nl\}\} generally most aggressive in behaviour} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{*Definition: Degree of abnormality of cancer cells, measure of differentiation, extent to which cancer cells are similar in appearance \& func. to healthy cells of same tissue type} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.51052 cm} x{1.92248 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Phases of Clinical Trials}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Phase I & First clinical trial of given agent in human being \{\{nl\}\} Goal:\{\{nl\}\} •Initial determination of safety of an agent administration \{\{nl\}\} •Determination of pharmacokinetic profile \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 9) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Phase II & Initial trial of therapeutic efficacy \{\{nl\}\} •Preliminary determination of therapeutic efficacy \{\{nl\}\} •Determination of relationship b/w dose \& effect \{\{nl\}\} •Cont. of phase I safety determination \{\{nl\}\} •If necessary modification of dosage \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 12) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Phase III & Systematic trial of therapeutic effectiveness \{\{nl\}\} •Evaluation in randomized, multicenter clinical trial in comparison to std. therapy also in double blind trial (not applicable to anticancer drugs, b/c there is no anticancer placebo effect) \{\{nl\}\} •Evaluation using pt. survival time \{\{nl\}\} •Cont. of evaluation of adverse reactions \& interaction w/ other concomitantly administered medicines \{\{nl\}\} -{}-{\emph{Kaplan-Meyer survival curve}}-{}- \tn % Row Count 42 (+ 21) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.51052 cm} x{1.92248 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Phases of Clinical Trials (cont)}} \tn % Row 3 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Phase IV & Trial performed after intro of new drug to market \{\{nl\}\} •New indications \{\{nl\}\} •New methods of administration \{\{nl\}\} •Combo w/ other new drugs unavailable in preregistration time \{\{nl\}\} •Comparison trials w/ other similar drugs \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 11) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{white} Meta-analysis {[}study of studies{]} & Formalized, systematic review of results of available phase II \& III trials (sometimes only phase III trials) on same subject \{\{nl\}\} Aim: \{\{nl\}\}•To increase precision \& significance of comparable trials through data aggregation \{\{nl\}\} •In case of contradictory results of indiv. trials reaching common conclusion \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 15) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}