\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{Nima (nimakarimian)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (input-output-with-python.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Nima (nimakarimian))
  /Subject (Input/Output with Python Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
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% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
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\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
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\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F0F9F1}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Input/Output with Python Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Nima (nimakarimian)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/113429/cs/23537/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Nima (nimakarimian) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/nimakarimian} \\
        \uline{\seqsplit{www}.nimakarimian.ir}
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 26th June, 2020.\\
   Updated 26th June, 2020.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{open and close}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{myfile = open("filename.txt") \newline "r"read mode \newline "w"write mode \newline "a"append mode \newline "r+"write/read mode \newline "wb"write binary mode  \newline .... \newline -{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}- \newline myfile.close()} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The argument of the open function is the path to the file.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{working with files}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{It is good practice to avoid wasting resources by making sure that files are always closed after they have been used. \newline {\bf{try:}} \newline    {\bf{f = open("filename.txt")}} \newline   {\bf{print(f.read())}} \newline {\bf{finally:}} \newline    {\bf{f.close()}} \newline ............................. \newline An alternative way of doing this is using with statements. This creates a temporary variable (often called f), which is only accessible in the indented block of the with statement. \newline The file is automatically closed at the end of the with statement, even if exceptions occur within it. \newline {\bf{with open("filename.txt") as f:}} \newline    {\bf{print(f.read())}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{reading}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{file = open("filename.txt", "r") \newline cont = file.read() \newline print(cont) \newline file.close() \newline ................................. \newline file = open("filename.txt", "r") \newline print(file.read(16)) \newline This determines the number of bytes that should be read. \newline ........................................ \newline To retrieve each line in a file, you can use the readlines method \newline file = open("filename.txt", "r") \newline print(file.readlines()) \newline file.close() \newline \textgreater{}\textgreater{}\textgreater{} \newline {[}'Line 1 text \textbackslash{}n', 'Line 2 text \textbackslash{}n', 'Line 3 text'{]} \newline \textgreater{}\textgreater{}\textgreater{} \newline ..................... \newline You can also use a for loop to iterate through the lines in the file: \newline file = open("filename.txt", "r") \newline  \newline for line in file: \newline     print(line) \newline  \newline file.close()  \newline \textgreater{}\textgreater{}\textgreater{} \newline Line 1 text \newline  \newline Line 2 text \newline  \newline Line 3 text \newline \textgreater{}\textgreater{}\textgreater{}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{writing}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{file = open("newfile.txt", "w") \newline file.write("This has been written to a file") \newline file.close() \newline ......................... \newline When a file is opened in write mode, the file's existing content is deleted. \newline ................. \newline The write method returns the number of bytes written to a file, if successful. \newline msg = "Hello world!" \newline file = open("newfile.txt", "w") \newline amount\_written = file.write(msg) \newline print(amount\_written) \newline file.close() \newline \textgreater{}\textgreater{}\textgreater{} \newline 12 \newline \textgreater{}\textgreater{}\textgreater{}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}