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\author{niamhemily (niamhemily)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (gcse-buddhism.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (niamhemily (niamhemily))
  /Subject (GCSE Buddhism Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{GCSE Buddhism Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{niamhemily (niamhemily)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/69675/cs/17643/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}niamhemily (niamhemily) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/niamhemily} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 25th October, 2018.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Life of the Buddha}}  \tn
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Birth & -Born in Lumbini \tn 
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 & -Described as a prince \tn 
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 & -Lived in a Palace \tn 
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 & -Shielded from Suffering \tn 
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 & -Lotus flowers appeared behind him after he took a few steps just after birth \tn 
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Family Background & -Born into a ruling family \tn 
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 & -Most of the place they ruled over was controlled by tribal groups \tn 
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Intended career & -Intended to be a king \tn 
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 & -Told he would be a king or a religious leader (religious leader if he ever saw suffering \tn 
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What he saw age 29 & -He was not satisfied, he thought there must be more. \tn 
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 & -Escaoed the castle during the night \tn 
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 & -Saw the 4 sights, illness, death, old age, a holy man. \tn 
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His response & -Decided to rid himself of luxuries \tn 
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 & -Trained in meditation \tn 
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 & -Joined a group of ascetics and lived as an ascetic for 6 years. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The 5 Aggregates/Skandhas}}  \tn
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Form & Raw materials like earth, fire, body etc. \tn 
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Sensation & Emotional response \tn 
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Perception & What we become aware of \tn 
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Mental Formation & What we decide to do, how we process things \tn 
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% Row 4
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\seqsplit{Consiousness} & Awareness of being alive \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- The 5 Aggregates/5 Skandhas relate to Anicca and Anatta because your thought processes change and what we are aware of changes. This relates to anatta because of the idea that the 5 aggregates make up a person, so there is no fixed self. \newline  \newline -This causes Dukkha because sometimes what we are aware of causes us to suffer. Our emotional responses also cause sadness or dissatisfaction.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The 5 precepts}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Harming Living Beings} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Taking things not freely given} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Sensual misconduct} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Intoxicating drinks and drugs} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{MONKS AND NUNS / THOSE CONSIDERING JOINING MUST ALSO ABSTAIN FROM} \tn 
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% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Taking untimely meals} \tn 
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% Row 7
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Dancing, singing, music and watching grotesque mime} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Use of garlands, perfumes and personal adornment} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Use of high seats} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Accepting gold and silver} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The 5 precepts are recommendations, not commandments. The individual is encouraged to interpret them in the best way they can.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Variations in Buddhism}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{After the Budhha died the first council agreed on the accuracy of the Buddha's teachings.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{100 years later, the second council discussed rules for monks and nuns, with a debate on whether the rules were too rigid or even essential.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Sometime later, the Buddhist community split into Theravada and Mahayana Buddhists. Theravada Buddhists believed the rules should be strictly followed, whereas Mahayana Buddhists adopted a more progressive reading of the rules.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Over the next 300 years, there were more separations and by the end of the 1st century (Year 0) there were 18 or 20 Buddhist sects.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-	Vajrayana developed within Mahayana \newline -	Theravada Buddhists think they are closest to the original meaning of Buddhist teachings \newline -	Pure land Buddhists aim to be reborn into this realm \newline -	Zen Buddhism was set by the Buddhist Bodhidharma.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Self}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Identity and the idea of a fixed self is an illusion.} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Your body is made up of what it intakes (food, air etc.)} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Your body is one with your environment. They can't be separated.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Constant change links to no fixed self because identity is also in a state of impermanence.} \tn 
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% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{This leads to suffering because we become attatched to things that will change.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Rupa's}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-	Rupa: Images of the Buddha \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
-	3 Main forms of Rupas; \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
o	Sitting \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
	Often sat in lotus position or on lotus flower \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
	May be sat on a throne \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
o	Standing \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
	{[}FIND OUT{]} \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
o	Lying Down \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
	Represents the buddha giving is last sermon, reclining and passing away into nirvana% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Long earlobes are symbolic of the heavy gold jewelry the Buddha would have worn had he not left the royal lifestyle. It is to remind people what he gave up. \newline  \newline The bump on the top of the Buddha's head is a symbol of wisdom. It is also seen as a reminder of his royal lifestyle in terms of headgear. \newline  \newline  \newline The 3rd eye symbolises the inner eye. 'The Buddha sees with his mind'. \newline  \newline The snake represents the fact that a snake protected the Buddha from being tempted.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Enlightenment of the Buddha}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Meditated under a tree} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Visited by a devilish character (Mara)} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mara attacked the Buddha (Siddhartha) with wind, rain, rocks etc.} \tn 
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% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mara sent 3 daughters to tempt the prince. They were called Lust, Thirst and Discontent. They were sent to emotionally attack the prince.} \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Siddhartha experienced intimidation, greed and doubt.} \tn 
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% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mara challenged the prince's right to sit by the tree, claimed it belonged to him.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{When Siddhartha was enlightened, it happened in 4 stages known as the 4 watches.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Watch 1 : He remembered all his past lives} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Watch 2 : He saw the cycle of rebirth (not reincarnation) as a result of karma} \tn 
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% Row 9
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Watch 3 : He understood what kept poeple and creatures trapped and how to overcome those things.} \tn 
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% Row 10
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Watch 4 : He was enlightened.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Questions of Kind Melinda}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-	As a chariot is simply made up of an axel etc, a human is simply made up of body parts and the 5 aggregates} \tn 
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% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-	The king asks if there is no self to be apprehended, why does it matter if someone does something bad. If 'someone' were to kill, there would be no 'one' to endure the consequence.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-	Buddhist teachings suggest that if you light a candle from a lit candle, the new flame is neither new nor the same as the first one. The same concept is true for consciousness in rebirth.} \tn 
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% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-	A name is a conceptual term. The 5 aggregates ARE you.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bodhisattvas}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-	The Mahayana image of someone who is unenlightened \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
-	Acts entirely out of compassion and selflessness \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
-	Bodhisattva = 'Enlightenment being' one who wants to become enlightened \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
-	Someone who in order to achieve enlightenment, delays it to help other achieve it. This is so they can achieve it quicker. {[}THIS IS A PARADOX{]} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 3)
-	Free from the 3 poisons \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
-	Can be a lay person or a monk or nun \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
-	Takes a vow to continue to be born into samsara until all sentient beings find enlightenment \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
1.	Intention- \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
o	Must be sincere in search for enlightenment \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
o	Intention + sincerity are important because they provide determination \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 2)
2.	Vow- \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
o	'Fixation' \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
o	Whatever the mind fixes itself on becomes real \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1)
o	2 Vows: \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
	To become a Buddha \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 1)
	To lead all beings to enlightenment \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 1)
3.	The course of the Bodhisattva- \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 1)
o	Developing the 6 Perfections; \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 1)
	Charity \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 1)
•	Perfection of giving \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 1)
	Morality \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 1)
•	Perfection of goodness \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 1)
	Patience \newline % Row Count 30 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bodhisattvas (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{•	Perfection of composure \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
	Vigour \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
•	Perfection of energy \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
	Meditation \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
•	Perfection of concentration \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
	Wisdom \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
•	{[}FIND OUT{]} \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
4.	Buddhahood – \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
o	{[}FIND OUT{]}% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The 8 Fold Path}}  \tn
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The Way of Wisdom & Right View \tn 
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 & Right Intention \tn 
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The Way of Morality & Right Speech \tn 
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 & Right Action \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Right Livelihood \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
The Way of Mental-Training & Right Mindfulness \tn 
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 & Right Concentration \tn 
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 & Right Effort \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Places of Worship}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Buddhists can worship at home or at a temple, as long as they have a shrine.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{All Buddhist temples contain a picture or statue of the Buddha} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Temples are designed to represent the elements;} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{o	Fire \newline 	{[}FIND OUT{]} \newline o	Earth \newline 	Square Base \newline o	Air \newline 	{[}FIND OUT{]} \newline o	Water \newline 	{[}FIND OUT{]} \newline o	Wisdom \newline 	Pinnacle on top of the temple}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mudras}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/niamhemily_1540500783_Buddhist Mudras.jpg}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mudras are gestures performed by the hands of Buddha images.}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.9954 cm} x{3.9816 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Shrines}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Vegetation} & Normally Flowers. Symbolise impermanence (anicca) and eternity. \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Water & Offring water is a symbol of respect and reverence \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Candles & Light up the area around it, symbolise enlightenment. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Insense & Purify the air. Symbolises the Dharma being spread around the world \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Bell & Used to separate sections of ceremonies. Sometimes placed on a lotus shaped cushion as the lotus is a symbol of cause and effect. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 5)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.64701 cm} x{4.32999 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{3 Marks of existence}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Anicca} & The idea that things are constantly changing, nothing will stay the same. Everything is in a state of impermanence. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Anatta} & The idea that there is not fixed self. No permanent identity. The idea that all beings are interdependent. When applied to humans it means that as conditions change, people will too. Understanding this is a key to enlightenment. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Dukkha} & Suffering and dissatisfaction. If life is always changing, everything we know an love will eventually cease to exist. People cannot have the permanent suffering they seek. Dissatisfaction with life. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 6)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.64701 cm} x{4.32999 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{4 Noble Truths}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Dukkha} & All life involves suffering \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Tanha & The cause of suffering is craving. Craving is the 3 poisons; Greed, Hatred and Ignorance. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Niroda} & To overcome Dukkha you must overcome Tanha \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Magga & The way to overcome Tanha is the middle way. Just as followed by the Buddha, the middle way between luxury and hardship. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Meditation}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-	Legends state that the Buddha had a natural inclination to meditation and was highly skilled from a young age. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
-	One story says that the buddha and his father attended an agricultural ceremony where they saw worms being killed by small birds, who were then killed by bigger birds. The buddha reflected on this, which turned into a deep meditation. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 5)
-	After leaving the palace the buddha was taught more advanced meditation \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
-	The Buddha's disciples practiced meditation daily. Each 24 hours was split into 6 4 hour slots, starting at sundown; \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 3)
o	Period 1 – In Seated Meditation \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
o	Period 2 – Sleeping \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
o	Period 3 – Seated meditation \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
o	Period 4 – Washing, Working, meditating and going out to receive food \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 2)
o	Period 5 – Eating then sitting in meditation to digest \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 2)
o	Period 6 – Meditation with the buddha% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of Meditation}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Samatha Meditation: \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
-	Meditation where you have something to focus on \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
-	One type of Samatha meditation that suits everyone is that where the focus is our own breath \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
-	You can do this meditation while walking \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
Brahma Viharas: \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
-	Means 'Sublime State' \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
-	By meditating upon the Brahma Viharas, a person develops feelings of love, compassion, joy and peace towards all living things. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 3)
The 4 Sublime States: \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
-	Metta: \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
o	Loving kindness \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
o	The person wishes themselves good will first then spreads positive friendly thoughts \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
-	Karuna: \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
o	Active compassion \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
o	Understanding the nature of suffering  \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
o	Sharing others suffering \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
-	Mudita: \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1)
o	Sympathetic Joy \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
o	Sharing the happiness of all other beings \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 1)
-	Upekkha: \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 1)
o	State of peace and serenity% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arhats}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A perfected being who has overcome the 3 poisons and broken out of the cycle of samsara} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{When someone becomes Arhat, they are no longer reborn when they die.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Must be a monk or nun} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A wise and compassionate being} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}