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\author{NCousins}
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  /Title (biology-exam-1.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (NCousins)
  /Subject (Biology Exam \#1 Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Biology Exam \#1 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{NCousins} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/30558/cs/9128/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}NCousins \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/ncousins} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 16th September, 2016.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.9908 cm} x{2.9862 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Properties of Life}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Order & distinction, precise internal order \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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Evolutionary Adaption & changes that occurs over generations \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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Response to the environment & living organisms can respond to non-living \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Homeostatsis & range of values the body monitors, adjusts, and re-evaluates. Ex: temperature, blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol levels \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Energy Usage & being able to take in things (non-living \& living) and use energy \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Growth \& Development} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Reproduction} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{To Study Biology}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Reductionism- start with a large problem and reduce it to several small things that can be studied easily. Ex: understanding DNA: looked at bacteria -{}-\textgreater{} lower plants \& animals -{}-\textgreater{} higher animals \& plants -{}-\textgreater{} humans (human genome project)} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Systems Biology}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{attempt to understand how the parts of systems interact with one another. Deals with large and complex questions} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Ex: muscle tissue - calcium is required for muscle contraction. What if you had too much calcium in your body? How would it effect all the proteins necessary for muscle contraction?} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Studying Systems Biology}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
High throughput technology & computing capability. Ex: human genome project \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Analyzing information & bioinformatics: power of a computer, modeling capability, statistical analysis \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Interdisciplinary team (vary on question) & Answering one question the team might need an engineer, biologist, chemist, medical specialist, mathematician, computer specialists, etc. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.64241 cm} x{3.33459 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Order ( hierarchy;simple to complex)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Emergent Properties & At all levels of hierarchy; comparing with each level. Unique and unpredictable at each level \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Atoms & unit of matter that cannot be broken down by ordinary chemistry means(no nuclear activity) \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Biological molecules & carbohydrates, lipids, proteins \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Organelles & tiny organ like mitochondria, cytoplasm \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cells & smallest unit that has all characteristics of life \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Tissue & many cells that have the same function and work together. Ex: blood \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 6
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Organ & have many tissues that are operating for a common function \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 7
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Organ System & many tissues \& organs that function together \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 8
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Organism & many systems together \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 9
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Population & many members of a species in a single location \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
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Community & many populations in a single location \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 11
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Ecosystem & many communities interacting with the environment \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 12
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Planetary View & Everything \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
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\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Theme 2: Cells}}  \tn
% Row 0
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Prokaryotic Cells & have one organelle (ribosome). No membrane bound nucleus. Primitive cells (has DNA). Pro=come before karyon= kernel "nucleus" \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
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Eukaryotic Cells & Higher order cells. Lots of organelles. Eu= true karyon= kernel 'nuclues" \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
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1665- Robert Hooke:England & 30X magnification lens. Cork Cells (dead cells). gives the word "cell" \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
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Antone Von Leuweenhoek: Dutch & 300-400X magnification lens. Blood (large cells), Fish Sperm (large cells), Pus (white blood cells) \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 5)
% Row 4
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1838- Schleiden & Plants- botanist. "All plants are composed of cells" \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 5
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1839 - Schwann & Animals- zoologist. " All animals are composed of cells" \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 6
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Virchow:Russian & Cell Theory - All plants and animals  are composed of cells and all of the functions of plants and animals take place inside cells and all hereditary molecules are contained within cells \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 9)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Theme 3: Continuity (sameness over time) of Life}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- There is a presence of order \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- Depends on inheritable material (DNA- all life uses the same DNA) for inherited instructions% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Theme 4: Structure and Function (Always related)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Structure {\bf{what form that organism takes "Anatomy"}}  \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
Function {\bf{what the organism does "Physiology"}} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
- Bone Formation \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
    - Fish Bone: solid, sturdy, strong \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
    - Terrestrial Bone: hollow space inside (morrow cavity)  \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
    - Bird Bone: hollow, spaces filled with air. Maximum protection, minimum weight% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Theme 5: Organism Interacting with Environment}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Both the organism and it's environment is changed \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
Ex: Tree. A tree is living and takes in water and materials, which are both non-living. Then using sunlight (non-living)  and taking in CO2 using the chlorophyll organelle it goes through a process of photosynthesis.% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Theme 6: Regulatory Mechanisms}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Homeostasis "range of values"  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
Ex: blood pressure, blood sugar, temperature, hormone regulations% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Theme 7: Unity and Diversity of Organisms}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Unity & Things that all organisms have in common. Ex: properties of life \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Diversity of Organism & variation of life forms that exists \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Domain & Largest. Three categories: Domain bacteria (all modern bacteria), Domain archaea (bacteria with ancient lineage, descendants of 1st life), Domain eukarya (everything else) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 7)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Kingdoms & prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic/ heterotrophic vs. autotrophic/ multicellular vs. unicellular. Four categories: protista, fungi, plantae, animalia \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Protista}} & unicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic or autotrophic, plant-like (algae), animal-like (protozoa) \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Fungi}} & molds, mildews, mushrooms, parasites on plants and animals. first multicellular kingdom, eukaryotic, neither autotrophic nor heterotrophic they are absorptive feeders \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 7)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Plantae}} & multicellular, eukaryotic,autotrophic (all higher plants) \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Theme 7: Unity and Diversity of Organisms (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Animalia}} & multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic (all higher animals) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
Phylum & Many phyla in a kingdom. 30 major phyla in animal kingdom. 30 minor phyla in animal kingdom (estimate). \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Class & many classes within a phyla \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
Order & many orders within a class \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Family & many families in an order \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
Genus & many genese in a family \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Species & many species in a genus. True biological entity. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
Genus + species & scientific name \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Theme 8: Evolution - Darwin}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Evolution implies the presence of an ancestral form for a related organism \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
  ex: mammals- fur (hair) \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
{\bf{Charles Darwin:England}} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
- published in 1859 "Origin of Species by Natural Selection" \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
- NaturalSelection - mechanism of evolution taking place \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
- HMS Beagle, Ship's naturalist \textless{}-{}- ship Darwin got on \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
  - traveled for 5yrs around South American and came across the island Galapagos. He focused on Finches: the islands towards the equator (warmest) had finches with long narrow beaks for nectar sipping. In the middle islands (temperate climate) had "normal" sized beaks for opening regular seeds. In the islands toward the arctic (coldest) had large, sturdy beaks for opening very heavy seed coats.  \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 8)
- It took Darwin 25 yrs to write the Theory of Evolution  \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 2)
-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-- \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
Fact 1: All species have great reproductive potential \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 2)
Fact 2: Most population remain the same size over time  \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 2)
Inference 1: production of more individual than the environment can support leads to a struggle for existence \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 3)
{\bf{only a fraction of each generation actual survives}} \newline % Row Count 30 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
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\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Theme 8: Evolution - Darwin (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Fact 3: Individuals in a population vary \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
Fact 4: variations that you can see are inherited  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
Inference 2: survival is not a random {\bf{survival of the fittest}} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
Inference 3: Differential reproductive sucess (unequal abiity to survive) leads to gradual (gradualism) changes in a population over time(geologist)  \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 3)
{\bf{environment determines who survives}}% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.64241 cm} x{3.33459 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Theme 9: Scientific Method \& Reproducible Results}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Scientific Method & varies as the scientists who use it. Observation -\textgreater{} Hypothesis -\textgreater{} Experimentation. {\bf{You can never prove the hypothesis to be true, it can only be proven false.}} Science is open-ended (leaves space in science for new information also is self correcting). To write and formulate a hypothesis (If..then statement) requires inductive reasoning (specific to general) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 14)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Reproducible Results & the experiment needs to be able to be repeated with the same equipment. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Fissim Reaction & split the atom, releasing a good amount of energy \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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Fussion reactions & reactions that takes place on surface of the sun and release a huge amount of energy. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Theme 10: Science and Society}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cloning, Diseases, Viruses, Genetics, Climate Change} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Inorganic Chemistry}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Atom \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
 - protons (positive, in the nucleus, weight) \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
 - neutron (neutral, in the nucleus, weight) \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
{\bf{total weight is found in the nucleus}} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
 - electron ( negative, outside the nuclues, no weight) \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
-{}-Atomic \# : number of protons \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
-{}-Atomic weight: (total number of protons and neutrons) \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}- \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
* Atoms that are not chemically combined with other atoms they have electrical neutrality protons = electrons \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 3)
* atoms all seek stability by having the maximum number of electrons in their outermost shell \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
* atoms will always do the easiest thing \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-- \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
*Charged particles are called IONS \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
*Ionic bonds are the characteristic bond of inorganic chemistry (Strong Bonds) \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 2)
 - forms when the electrons are given off and received by another atoms \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 2)
-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}- \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 1)
{\bf{If an atom has 1,2,or 3 electrons in the outermost shell it will give them up in order to become stable. If an atom has 5,6,or 7 electrons in the outermost shell then it will take on electrons in order to reach a stable state. }} \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 5)
-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}- \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 1)
{\bf{No atom will give up its last electron, but it will share}} -{}-\textgreater{} Covalent Bond  \newline % Row Count 31 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Inorganic Chemistry (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Ex: H20 \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- polar molecules are when there are a positively and negatively charged ends \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
{\bf{Hydrogen bonds: tiny bonds, easily formed and easily broken (it gets strength in numbers, but when by itself it is weak)}}% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.64241 cm} x{3.33459 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Properties of Water}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Surface Tension & skin on the surface of water. Ex: insect that can walk on water: the strength of the hydrogen bonds exceeds the weight of the bug \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Capillary Action & water moving into fibers or into a straw. Adhesion: clinging of unlike molecules to each other (water to fiber). Cohesion: to cling like molecule to each other (water to water) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-Inhibition & water moving into wood (solid) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Specific Heat & very high for water, amount of heat it takes to raise the temp. of water. As you increase the temperature, you increase the rate  of the molecular motion. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-Heat & the measure of the movement of molecules \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Heat of Vaporization & for water is very high, amount of heat it takes to cause a change in the state (liquid, solid, gas) of water. Ability to break hydrogen bonds by adding heat to water so individual hydrogen molecules can go off the surface of the water (steam carrie heat away). \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 10)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.64241 cm} x{3.33459 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Properties of Water (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Freezing & individual water molecule \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}