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% Document Info
\author{Natfle}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (phar1101-2.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Natfle)
  /Subject (PHAR1101-2 Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{PHAR1101-2 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Natfle} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/86696/cs/20364/}}}
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Natfle \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/natfle} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 25th August, 2019.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.59264 cm} x{3.38436 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Definitions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Synthetic Drug & A drug of human origin. Made in a lanratory rather than being extracted from a plant or other ecological source \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Medicinal Chemistry & Branch of chemistry that is concerned with design, development and synthesis of pharmaceutical agents or medicines. Medicinal chemists find the relationship between the structure of a drug an its pharmacological or toxicological properties \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 9)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Animal Model & A living, non-human species that is affected by a specific disease. Which is usually of relevance of human pathology. These animal models are used during the testing of new and unproven treatments for the diseases without initially involving actual humans suffering from the disease \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 11)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Pathogen & An infectious agent that causes disease or illness in a host. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 4
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\seqsplit{Pathongenesis} & The development of a disease and the chain of cellular and tissue events leading to the manifestation of the disease in people. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Human Safety Concerns}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A drug that is safe for animal isn't always safe for humans} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Only 70\% of drugs that are toxic on animals are toxic in humans} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Some animal organ model are inaccurate (i.e skin brain and liver models)} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Some toxic effects are hard to detect in animal models (hearing loss)} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Each animal has a different metabolising speed} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Classic Animal Models}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Zucker Diabetic Rat and SHR Rat assisted in the search of drugs for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{German Pharmaceutical Industry / Coal}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The widespread use of coal led to a vast quantity of coal tar. coal tar is rich with small organic molecules which can be used to build more complex ones.  Germany dominated in creating synthetic drugs for several reasons  \{\{nl\}\} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 5)
A) Establishment of in house research labs  \{\{nl\}\} \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
B) Creation of partnerships between researchers and academic  \{\{nl\}\} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
C) Creation of partnerships between university departments and research students% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.89126 cm} x{3.08574 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Examples of Animal Models}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Chloral Hydrate (1869) & By: Oscar Liebreich \{\{nl\}\} Use: Sleep Inducing \{\{nl\}\} Tested: Rabbits \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Barbitone \{\{nl\}\} (1903) & By: Emily Fischer \{\{nl\}\} Use: Hypnotic Effect \{\{nl\}\} Tested: Dogs \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Prontosil  \{\{nl\}\}(1935) & By: Gerhard Domagk \{\{nl\}\} Use: Streptococcus \{\{nl\}\} Tested: Mice \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Phenytoin \{\{nl\}\} (1936) & By: Tracey Putnam \{\{nl\}\} Use: Anticonvulsant \{\{nl\}\} Tested: Cats \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Diphenhydramine} (1943) & By: Daniel Bovet \{\{nl\}\} Use: Antihistamine \{\{nl\}\} Tested: Guinea Pigs \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Librium  \{\{nl\}\}(1957) & By: Leo Sternbach \{\{nl\}\} Use: Tranquiliser \{\{nl\}\} Tested: Mice, Cats, Dogs, Monkeys \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Ibuprofen \{\{nl\}\} (1969) & By: Stewart Adams  \{\{nl\}\} Use: Anti-inflammatory  \{\{nl\}\} Tested: Rabbits \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Omeprazole \{\{nl\}\} (1979) & By: Astra  \{\{nl\}\} Use: Heartburn  \{\{nl\}\} Tested: Rats, Dogs \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Disease Relevance Issues}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Animal Models can never be truly precise and indicative of human disease} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Drugs that work on Animal Models don't always work on Humans} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Some diseases are too complex to reproduce in animals} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Paul Ehrlich}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Father of Chemotherapy} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Born in Silesia} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Worked with synthetic dies} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Noted that some dyes entered certain tissues but not others} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Led to the theory that chemicals can be designed to selectively enter certain tissues} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{"magic bullet theory"} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.14471 cm} x{3.83229 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Stages of Syphilis}}  \tn
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\seqsplit{Infection} & Bacteria T.Pallidum enters host \tn 
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% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
First stage & Firm and  painless skin lesions at site of infection. \tn 
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Second Stage & Skin rash, Swollen lymph nodes, Sore throat, Pathy hair loss, headaches, Weight loss, Muscle aches \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Latent & Symptoms may subside for months or years \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 4
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Final Stage & Deterioration of cardiovascular system. May result in dementia or blindness \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09494 cm} x{3.88206 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ethical Concerns}}  \tn
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\seqsplit{Refinement} & Minimise suffering to individual animal's experience \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\seqsplit{Reduction} & Only use as many animals as needed  \{\{nl\}\}Reduce number of tests \{\{nl\}\} test multiple things at once \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Replacement} & Find alternate testing Methods \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Disease Model Testing}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Compound Libraries & A large set of structurally similar molecules  \{\{nl\}\} by testing each one we can identify related molecules with similar properties \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Animal Models & A safe way to identify promising drugs  \{\{nl\}\} used to screen compound libraries \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Trained \seqsplit{Investigators} & Impartial unbiased scientifically trained observers \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Disease Biomarkers & A measurable indicator of a disease  \{\{nl\}\} used for diagnostic purposes \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{There is no 100\% safe way to test a drug}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Compound 606}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Dr hata tested a compound library on rabbits. The 606th compound was effective. Named arsphenamine or salvarsan  \{\{nl\}\} It was hard to dissolve in water and was unstable. it had to be prepare onsite and injection was painful. 25-30 injections were needed.% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}