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\author{Natalie Moore (NatalieMoore)}
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  /Title (it-project-risk.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Natalie Moore (NatalieMoore))
  /Subject (IT Project Risk Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{IT Project Risk Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Natalie Moore (NatalieMoore)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/19119/cs/2240/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Natalie Moore (NatalieMoore) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/nataliemoore} \\
        \uline{\seqsplit{www}.jchmedia.com/}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 8th November, 2015.\\
   Updated 11th May, 2016.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Risk definition from PRINCE2}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{'The chance of exposure to the adverse consequences of future events.'} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{External risks include:}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Government intervention} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Cuts in resources, including staff} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Reduction in financial support} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Increased competition from rivals} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Social developments} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Identifying risks}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Analyse what you already know - views, trends or constraints} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Use prompts and checklists from aids to build initial list of risks. (Check textbooks, Application development documents, company standards, Google)} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Review Barry Boehm's Top Ten Risks} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Methods of gathering risk info} \tn 
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- & Interviewing experts or stakeholders \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
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- & Brainstorming workshops w/stakeholders \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- & Searching past project documentation \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Law of diminishing returns, do not assume that all generic risks will be relevant} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Dismiss risks not project specific} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Recognise root cause of the problem} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Quantitative approaches to risk}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Based on seemingly precise values} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Probability is represented between 0-1 or \%} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Impact = \$ loss should risk happen} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Probability x impact = risk exposure \$\$\$}}} \tn 
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% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Risk exposure value (REV) can be compared against insurance premium} \tn 
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% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{REV helps assess effectiveness of risk reduction action} \tn 
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% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Risk reduction leverage (RRL) = (RE (before) – RE(after)) / cost of risk reduction}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 7
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{If RRL \textgreater{} 1.0 the action is worth while} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Problems with quantitative risk assessment} \tn 
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% Row 9
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- & Without lots of data IDing probability is often guesswork \tn 
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% Row 10
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- & Amount of damage usually guesswork \tn 
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- & Amount guessed might be less than actuality \& risk fund may be exhausted \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Probability impact grid (PIG)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/nataliemoore_1446945663_Probability impact grid.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{With qual approach, risk tolerance line is drawn on PIG. Don't approve project with risks above this line. Take mitigative action to reposition risks by reducing risk probability \&/or impact}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Planning, monitoring and control}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{New risks ID'd any time, \& secondary risks result from actions to reduce initial risks.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Monitoring is part of project control cycle} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Monitoring = mixture of regular reviews and reviews after events, e.g. end of a stage.} \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Need a project risk plan to doc planning \& facilitate monitoring \& control process. Use a risk register/log, \& list all the risks} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Risk register management}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{For each risk in register, an individual risk record will be created} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Risk record shows prob \& impacts before {\emph{and}} after mitigating action is taken} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Risk plan}}} \tn 
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% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Plans of actions documented} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Not always 1:1 between risk and plan} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Risk owner manages risk plan \& monitoring} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{If risk changes during process, revise plans} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Adverse effects could be}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Reduction in the value delivered} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Project failure} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Higher development costs} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Delayed project completion} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Reduced scope} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Reduced performance} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Completed system fails to deliver capability = original business case not realised} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Risk Management Framework}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Barry Boehm's Top Ten Software Project Risks}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Personnel shortfalls – capability/skill mismatches} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{2. Unrealistic schedules and budgets} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{3. Developing wrong functions \& properties} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{4. Developing the wrong user interface} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{5. Gold-plating – development of unneeded functionality} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{6. Continuous stream of changes} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{7. Shortfalls in external components} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{8. Shortfalls in externally performed tasks} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{9. Real-time performance shortfalls} \tn 
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% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{10. Straining capabilities – current technologies / expertise not developed to satisfy req's and project becomes a research project} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The qualitative approaches to risk}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Because qualitative is mostly guesswork modern practice = qualitative approach} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Approaches = interviewing stakeholders, experts and brainstorming} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Qualitative descriptions of probability:}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Extremely Likely, Very High, High, Medium, Low, Very Low, Improbable} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Quantitative values expressed within a range, e.g. 20–50\% probability. Then map to categories of probability and impact} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Risk assessment similar to effort estimation, often done together} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Prioritising risks} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
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- & Ensure effort used where needed most \tn 
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% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- & Use a probability impact grid (PIG) \tn 
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% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
- & On the PIG \#'s uniquely identify each risk \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mitigating actions decision considerations}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Benefits should outweigh benefits of inaction – use the calc of risk reduction leverage} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Decisions} \tn 
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- & How many actions to approve \tn 
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- & In relation to which risks \tn 
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- & Focus first on the show-stoppers – that prevent completion of the project. \tn 
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% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{With quant approach, sum up risk exposure figures for an overall project risk exposure. Then plan actions to reduce risk to level acceptable. Alternatively address highest priority risks.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Risk register}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/nataliemoore_1446946459_Risk Register.png}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Internal risks include}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{staff changes} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{lack of policies to guide decision making} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{increased scope of changes} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{lack of developer experience} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{sabotage} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Risk management: similar to any other activity}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{ID risks} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Plan to deal with them} \tn 
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- & Contingency \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Execute project} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Monitor and control} \tn 
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% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Cyclic process throughout project} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Assessing the risk}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Evaluate and then prioritise the risk} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Evaluation criteria} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- & Probability risk will occur \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
- & Impact that the risk could have \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Risk exposure, magnitude of the risk} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Risks may impact time, cost or quality, and will impact business case.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- & Time: longer development time needed \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
- & Quality: reduction in the scope or performance of the deliverable \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- & Costs: increase in the resources \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A risk can be viewed as an opportunity} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Proximity of the risk} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
- & Risk magnitude vary – completed tasks risks disappear \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- & Time period when the risk may occur \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
- & Uncertainty high at beginning due to unknowns. As knowledge increases uncertainty is reduced. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mapping assessments of risk probability}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/nataliemoore_1446944697_Mapping assessments of risk probability.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Deciding the appropriate actions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Consequence of mitigating action, update:} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
- & project schedule \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- & development costs \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
- & functional scope \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- & Performance of the deliverables \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Accepting the risk}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{If prob low, impact low, \& other actions not practical could accept risk and monitor it} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Maybe cost of action outweighs impact} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Preventing the risk aka 'risk avoidance'. }}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Reducing the risk}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Action before the expected risk occurs} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Transferring the risk to another party, outsource for eg}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Contingency}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{No action before the risk occurs} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Plan of action once risk occurs, or certain} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Generally only incurs costs if risk arises} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Costs}}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\$ to manage risk and with creating the conditions in the contingency action plan} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}