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% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
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% Document Info
\author{Natalie Moore (NatalieMoore)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (hofstede-quick-guide.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Natalie Moore (NatalieMoore))
  /Subject (Hofstede quick guide Cheat Sheet)
}

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\begin{multicols}{3}
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Hofstede quick guide Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Natalie Moore (NatalieMoore)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/19119/cs/2167/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Natalie Moore (NatalieMoore) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/nataliemoore} \\
        \uline{\seqsplit{www}.jchmedia.com/}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 3rd June, 2014.\\
   Updated 13th May, 2016.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.09034 cm} x{2.88666 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Dimensions of national cultures}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Power distance index & Acceptance and expectation power distributed unequally. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Individualism vs collectivism & Degree to which individuals are integrated into groups \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Uncertainty avoidance index & Tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Masculinity vs femininity & Masculine = competitiveness, assertiveness, materialism, ambition and power. Feminine = relationships and quality of life. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Long / short term orientation & Societies' time horizon. Long term = pragmatic, short term = past and present. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Indulgence versus restraint & Attempt to control desires and impulses \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Masculinity vs femininity}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Masculine culture & Values competitiveness, assertiveness, materialism, ambition and power. Difference in gender roles are more dramatic. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Feminine & Value relationships and quality of life \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{AKA:  Quantity of Life vs. Quality of Life}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Culture definition}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Collective programming of the mind which distinguishes one group from another via values, rituals, modelling against heros and through understanding symbols} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.9954 cm} x{3.9816 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Long / Short Term Orientation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Short term & Prefers immediate rewards. Horizon focus is relatively close \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Long Term & Can put in effort now to wait for rewards to come later. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{At a glance}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Framework for cross-cultural communication. Major resource in cross-cultural fields} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Developed in response to a world-wide survey of employee values by IBM in 60s \& 70s} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Originally 4 dimensions: \seqsplit{individualism-collectivism;} uncertainty avoidance; power distance and masculinity-femininity} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{5th added (long term orientation) because of independant research from HK} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{6th added in 2010 = indulgence versus self-restraint, as a result of co-author Michael Minkov's analysis of data from the World Values Survey.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.24425 cm} x{3.73275 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Individualism vs collectivism}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Individualism} & Stress is put on personal achievements and individual rights. Focus on immediate family. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
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\seqsplit{Collectivism} & Individuals act predominantly as members of a lifelong and cohesive group or organization. Focus on extended family. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
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Australia & Individual \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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Italy & Collective \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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Japan & Collective \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.14471 cm} x{3.83229 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Indulgence versus restraint}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Indulgence} & No control of desires and impluses \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Restraint} & Control of desires and impulses \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.59264 cm} x{3.38436 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Power distance index}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
High power distance & Heiarchial, high dependance on boss \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Low power distance & Horizontal, high independance from boss \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Australia & Low.  Hierarchy established for convenience, superiors accessible and managers rely on employees and teams for their expertise. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Asia & High: lower level employees defer to higher level employees \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 4
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Europe & Power distance tends to be lower in northern countries and higher in southern and eastern parts \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 5
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America & Low \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Problems with high: Makes innovation difficult, people do not speak up with ideas. People seem to have low self esteem but really they are just accepting the norm. Snr level get no information. Exposes company to risk. To change you need to start at the top.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Drawbacks / arguments against}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Averages do not = individuals of country. Hofstede assumes homogeneity.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Relevancy: questionnaire, biases, context of questions} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{National divisions: Cultures are not bound by borders} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Political influence: context of timing (Cold war in Europe, Communism in Asia etc)} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{One company approach: IBM only, cannot provide valid data for entire culture. What about small business, what about farm hands} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Out dated: 1980, too old to be of value} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}