\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{Natalie Moore (NatalieMoore)} \pdfinfo{ /Title (business-analysis.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (Natalie Moore (NatalieMoore)) /Subject (Business Analysis Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{831AA3} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F7F0F9} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Business Analysis Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Natalie Moore (NatalieMoore)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/19119/cs/9837/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Natalie Moore (NatalieMoore) \\ \uline{cheatography.com/nataliemoore} \\ \uline{\seqsplit{www}.jchmedia.com/} \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Published 16th November, 2016.\\ Updated 16th November, 2016.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is Business Analysis?}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The practice of enabling change in an organizational context, by defining needs and recommending solutions that deliver value to stakeholders.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{disciplined approach} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Business analysts identify and define the solutions that will maximize the value delivered by an organization to its stakeholders} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Business analysts work across all levels of an organization and may be involved in everything from defining strategy, to creating the enterprise architecture, to taking a leadership role by defining the goals and requirements for programs and projects or supporting continuous improvement in its technology and processes.} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 7) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Business Analysis is the set of tasks, knowledge, tools and techniques required to identify business needs and determine solutions to business problems {[}BABOK{]}} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 4) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{BA Solutions may include:} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Development of software systems \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} - & Development of software components \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Extensions of existing software \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} - & Improvements to the business process \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Changes to the organization \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Role of BA in project phases}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Supporting implementation work in order to ensure developers understand and implement the requirements properly} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Business Analyst supports the project from the beginning through the system deployment (and sometimes to the system retirement).} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Supporting testing, for example by validating test cases in order to ensure that testing will adequately cover all the requirements} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Analyzing and documenting change requests for the requirements} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Processing new requirements (new regulations, standards, etc.)} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Processing the requests to fulfill new needs requested by the customer or user} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is an artefact?}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Final or intermediate work products that are produced and used during a project} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Might describe the function, architecture, and design of software} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Might be concerned with the process of development itself, such as project plans, business cases and risk assessments} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Should use version control} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Should be correctly traced to their origin} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is a Business Goal?}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A Business Goal is a short- or long-term objective of an organization. Business Goals should be characterized by the following qualities} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} - & Specificity \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Optimism \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} - & Realism \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Both short- and long-term scope \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Setting Business Goals is important because:} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & The organization needs to have a vision of what it wants to accomplish. This is facilitated by having clearly stated goals, along with establishing time periods in which they need to be achieved \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 6) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} - & It keeps a clear picture of what the organization is trying to do with the business, and helps focus motivation \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 4) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & It allows the organization to understand and maintain a commitment to the business' main objectives \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 3) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} - & It provides a metric against which to measure the organization's progress \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 3) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{SMART} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{SMART is a system and a tool that is used to establish goals and define their quality objectives. SMART requires that all goals have the following characteristics} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 4) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Specific \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 1) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is a Business Goal? (cont)}} \tn % Row 13 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Measurable \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{white} - & Attainable \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Relevant \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{white} - & Timely \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is a requirement?}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A condition or capability needed by a stakeholder to solve a problem, or achieve an objective.} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A condition or capability that must be met or possessed by a system or system component, to satisfy a contract, standard, specification, or other formally imposed documents} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A documented representation of a condition or capability} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Requirements are the foundation of systems, or system components. They can be obligatory (required functions, constraints, etc.), essential for the software to perform its functions, and meet the expectations and needs of the intended stakeholders} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 5) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Requirements should be placed into one of the following categories} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} - & Business requirements \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & User requirements \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} - & Functional requirements \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Non-functional requirements \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Purpose of requirements:}}} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Provide a foundation for assessment, planning, execution and monitoring of the project activities \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 3) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} - & Define customer expectations (expressed as real requirements and stakeholder's value of those requirements) \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 4) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Serve as a component of agreements, orders, project plans \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 2) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} - & Establish system boundaries, scope of delivery, and the services classification of the requirements \tn % Row Count 32 (+ 3) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is a requirement? (cont)}} \tn % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Requirement classifications}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Process requirements} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & describe needs and limitations of the business processes \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} - & Costs \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Marketing \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} - & Processing time \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Sales and distribution \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{white} - & Organisation \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Documentation \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Product requirements} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 24 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & functional and non-functional product requirements \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 25 \SetRowColor{white} - & POV of customer and team \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 26 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Types of requirement} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 27 \SetRowColor{white} - & Customer requirements \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 28 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Solution or system requirements \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 29 \SetRowColor{white} - & Product or component requirements \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Requirement Analysis}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Elaborate the solution definition in order to enable the project team to design and build a solution that will meet the needs of the business and stakeholders} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Organize Requirements}}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Structure and organize a set of requirements into logical sets. The organization may be based on defining multiple "levels" of requirements, packaging related functions together, and so forth.} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Inputs: Business Case, Solution Scope, Requirements} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Outputs: Structured requirements} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Prioritize Requirements}}} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Determine the business priority of requirements (including voting, ranking, benefit analysis and so forth). Identify logical dependencies between requirements and requirements packages.} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 4) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Inputs: Requirements, Business Case} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Outputs: Prioritized requirements} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Specify and Model Requirements}}} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Describes standard practices for writing textual requirements and creating models or diagrams. Specific models are addressed as techniques. Includes capturing the requirements attributes} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 4) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Inputs: Requirements} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Outputs: Specified or modeled Requirements} \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Determine Assumptions and Constraints}}} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Identify stakeholder requests that are not properly requirements but based on assumptions regarding what the solution team is capable of delivering} \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 3) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Requirement Analysis (cont)}} \tn % Row 15 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Capture and assess these requests} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Outputs: Assumptions and Constraints} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Verify Requirements}}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Outputs: Verified requirements} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Validate Requirements}}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Validate that a requirement will satisfy a business need.} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Outputs: Validated requirements} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Elicitation}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Business Requirements Elicitation is defined as a set of approaches, techniques, activities, and tasks used to capture the business requirements of a planned solution from the stakeholders and other available sources {[}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Purpose: Explore, identify and document stakeholder needs. Orienting the requirements toward the project vision. Excluding features that the customer does not want and need} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Describes how we work with stakeholders to find out what their needs are and ensure that we have correctly and completely understood their needs.} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Prepare for Elicitation}}} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Purpose: Prepare for elicitation by ensuring all needed resources are organised and scheduled for conducting the elicitation activities} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Outputs}}} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Scheduled resources \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} - & Supporting materials \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Conduct Elicitation}}} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Meet with stakeholder(s) to elicit information regarding their needs} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Outputs}}} \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Elicitation activity results} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Assumptions, constraints, risks, issues} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Documentation based on technique (e.g., interview notes, workshop results, survey responses, etc.)} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 2) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Document Elicitation Results}}} \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Purpose: Record stakeholder info for use in analysis.} \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 2) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Elicitation (cont)}} \tn % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Outputs: Stated requirements} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Confirm Elicitation Results}}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Purpose: Play back the requirements to validate that the stakeholder's intentions have been correctly captured and understood.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 3) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Outputs: Validated stated requirements} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Techniques}}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Questionnaires} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Interviews} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Self-recording} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 24 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Reviewing existing documents} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 25 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Reusing a specification from a previous project} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 26 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Brainstorming} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 27 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Field observation} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 28 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Apprenticing} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 29 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Conducting workshops to refine the requirements after each iteration} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 2) % Row 30 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Requirements Elicitation should apply to enterprise requirements as well as user or customer requirements.} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 3) % Row 31 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Requirement characteristics}}} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) % Row 32 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Functionality} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 1) % Row 33 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Reliability} \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 1) % Row 34 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Usability} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 1) % Row 35 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Efficiency} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 1) % Row 36 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Maintainability} \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 1) % Row 37 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Portability} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is a stakeholder}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Any person involved in, or with an interest in, a project} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Stakeholders on the vendor side}}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Project Managers} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Business and System Analysts} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Developers and Architects} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Database designers} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{GUI designers} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Technical writers} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Testers and Quality Assurance staff} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Installation and Operations personnel} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Stakeholders on the customer side}}} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Customer representatives (i.e., "Business")} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Project sponsors} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{End users (from the customer company)} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Installation and Operations personnel} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{External stakeholders may be:}}} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{End users who are not a part of the customer's organization} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Other organizations (e.g., regulatory entities)} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Stakeholder Identification Problems}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A lack of understanding of the real operators of the business processes in the organization} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Unclear definition of responsibilities within the customer's organization} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Excluding stakeholders who are not clearly and directly related to the process} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Incomplete analysis resulting in missing processes and activities, and the related stakeholders} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Business Analysis Communication Planning}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The main purpose of planning the Business Analysis communication is to define how to receive, distribute, access, update and escalate information to and from the project stakeholders, as well as how to organize the schedule and structure of the communication within a project.} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Business Analysis is the starting point for designing and implementing a software solution. Its deliverables are inputs to many other project phases and processes, such as establishing the system architecture that will allow meeting the business goals, creating detailed functional and non-functional system specifications, and planning and executing QA activities.} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 8) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Outputs from the Business Analysis are also inputs to system acceptance testing, which is the final check before the production release.} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{System acceptance testing is conducted to verify that the software is working as expected, and is needed in order to realize its goals (i.e., improving efficiency of performing the business process} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 4) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{BA provides info to the following} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} - & Project management (scope planning, scheduling, and estimating development and testing) \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 3) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Systems analysis \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} - & Design (system specification and architecture) \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Implementation \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} - & Testing \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 1) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Business Analysis Communication Planning (cont)}} \tn % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Common methods of communication include:} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} - & Workshops \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Presentations \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} - & Reviews \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Factors to be Considered} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} - & Type of project \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Communication formality \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} - & Communication frequency \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Geographical location \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} - & Culture \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Common BA techniques}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Brainstorming} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{CATWOE (Clients, Actors, Transformation, Worldview, Owner, Environmental constraints)} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Data Flow Diagrams} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Five Why's} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Functional decomposition} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Interviews} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{MoSCoW} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{PESTLE (P for Political, E for Economic, S for Social, T for Technological, L for Legal and E for Environmental)} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 3) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{MOST (Mission, Objectives, Strategies, Tactics)} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Prototyping} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Requirements Workshops} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Risk Analysis} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Scenarios and Use Cases} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{SWOT} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{User stories} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Principles for Successful Requirements}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 1. & Understand the top level critical objectives \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} 2. & Think stakeholders, not just users and customers \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 3. & Focus on the required system quality, not just its functionality \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} 4. & Quantify quality requirements as a basis for software engineering. \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 5. & Don't mix ends and means \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} 6. & Capture explicit information about value. \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 7. & Ensure there is "rich specification"; requirement specifications need much more information than just the requirement itself. \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 4) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} 8. & Carry out specification quality control (SQC). \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 9. & Consider the total lifecycle and apply systems-thinking, not just a focus on software \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 3) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} 10. & Recognize that requirements change; use feedback and update requirements as necessary. \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Acceptance and Evaluation Criteria}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Acceptance criteria are used to define the requirements, outcomes, or conditions that must be met in order for a solution to be considered acceptable to key stakeholders. Evaluation criteria are the measures used to assess a set of requirements in order to choose between multiple solutions} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Define measures of value attributes to be used for assessing and comparing solutions and alternative designs} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Measurable and testable criteria allow for the objective and consistent assessment of solutions and designs} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Acceptance criteria describe the minimum set of requirements that must be met in order for a particular solution to be worth implementing. They may be used to determine if a solution or solution component can meet a requirement.} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 5) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Acceptance criteria are typically used when only one possible solution is being evaluated, and are generally expressed as a pass or fail} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Valuation criteria define a set of measurements which allow for ranking of solutions and alternative designs according to their value for stakeholders.} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 4) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Attributes that cannot be measured directly are evaluated using expert judgment or various scoring technique} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 3) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Elements}}} \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\textasciitilde{} Value attributes \textasciitilde{}} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} - & are the characteristics of a solution that determine or substantially influence its value for stakeholders \tn % Row Count 32 (+ 3) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Acceptance and Evaluation Criteria (cont)}} \tn % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & represent a meaningful and agreed-upon decomposition of the value proposition into its constituent parts, which can be described as qualities that the solution should either possess or avoid \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{examples}}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{ability to provide specific information} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{ability to perform or support specific operations} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{performance and responsiveness characteristics} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{applicability of the solution in specific situations and contexts} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{availability of specific features and capabilities} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{usability, security, scalability, and reliability} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\textasciitilde{} Assessment \textasciitilde{}} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{In order to assess a solution against acceptance or evaluation criteria, it must be constructed in a measurable format} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 3) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Evaluation criteria provide a way to determine if features provide the value necessary to satisfy stakeholder needs.} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 3) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The criteria are presented as parameters that can be measured against a continuous or discrete scale.} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 3) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Acceptance criteria are expressed in a testable form} \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 2) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Acceptance criteria are presented in the form of statements which can be verified as true or false. This is often achieved through user acceptance testing (UAT)} \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 4) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Acceptance and Evaluation Criteria (cont)}} \tn % Row 24 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Usage Considerations}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 25 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Agile methodologies may require that all requirements be expressed in the form of testable acceptance criteria} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 3) % Row 26 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Acceptance criteria are necessary when the requirements express contractual obligations} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 27 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Acceptance criteria provide the ability to assess requirements based on agreed-upon criteria} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 28 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Evaluation criteria provide the ability to assess diverse needs based on agreed-upon criteria, such as features, common indicators, local or global benchmarks, and agreed ratios} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 4) % Row 29 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Evaluation criteria assist in the delivery of expected return on investment (ROI) or otherwise specified potential value} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 3) % Row 30 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Evaluation criteria helps in defining priorities} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 31 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Limitations}}} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 32 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Acceptance criteria may express contractual obligations and as such may be difficult to change for legal or political reasons} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 3) % Row 33 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Achieving agreement on evaluation criteria for different needs among diverse stakeholders can be challenging.} \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is a business analyst?}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{A person responsible for:}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{identifying the business needs of the customer (external or internal) and other stakeholders} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{determining solutions to business problems} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{BA activities include identifying, analyzing, developing and managing the requirements.} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Business Analyst is {\bf{not}} responsible for determining the solution implementation (creating the product's design)} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The Business Analyst acts as a bridge between the customer and other stakeholders (e.g., the project team), identifying, negotiating and achieving a consensus between the needs of the various representative individuals and groups.} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 5) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Why is Business Analysis Necessary?}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Problems with requirements can cause projects to fail. In most cases those problems are caused by poor or incorrectly conducted Business Analysis (especially Requirements Engineering, a part of the Business Analysis knowledge area).} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Common problems} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Ambiguous, under-specified, unclear, impossible, contradictory business requirements \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} - & Instability of the requirements (frequent and uncontrolled changes in requirements) \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Poor translation of the business needs to requirements (incomplete, inconsistent, or not measurable requirements) \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 4) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} - & Unclear objectives of the initiative \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Communication problems \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} - & Language barriers \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Knowledge barriers \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} - & Vague wording \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Overly formal wording \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} - & Redundancy \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Gold plating (adding unnecessary scope) \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 2) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} - & Insufficient user involvement \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Overlooked user classes \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} - & Minimal specification \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Consequences of low quality BA} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} - & Problems during during scope definition \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 2) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Why is Business Analysis Necessary? (cont)}} \tn % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Planning difficulties \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} - & Implementation problems \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Testing problems \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{white} - & Unclear requirements, or low quality business design of the solution, can lead to confusion and questions regarding the intended software product or process solution \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 5) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & risk of the project's failure increases \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{white} - & Requirements are imprecise \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 24 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Requirements are ambiguous \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 25 \SetRowColor{white} - & Requirements are contradictory \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 26 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Requirements do not fulfill the agreed criteria \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 2) % Row 27 \SetRowColor{white} - & Requirements are missing \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 28 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Business processes and artifacts are not covered by requirements or are described incompletely \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 3) % Row 29 \SetRowColor{white} - & All stakeholders are not identified \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 30 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Business goals or needs are not identified causing the designed solution to fail to meet the organization's needs and not achieve the business goals \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 5) % Row 31 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Common reasons for neglecting BA} \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 1) % Row 32 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Time pressure \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 1) % Row 33 \SetRowColor{white} - & Exclusive focus on fast results \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 1) % Row 34 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Exclusive fixation on costs \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 1) % Row 35 \SetRowColor{white} - & Perceiving documentation or the analysis and understanding of the business processes within an organization as a cost, not an added value \tn % Row Count 33 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Requirements Elicitation}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Requirements Elicitation is the collection of activities, approaches, tools and techniques for capturing the requirements for a planned software system (or other business solution) from the stakeholders\textbackslash{}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Traceability}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Traceability is an association that exists between different types of requirements and the following items:} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} - & Requirements (mapping the higher level requirements that defined the needs and features to the more detailed requirements) \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Detailed requirements to design models \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} - & Detailed requirements to test cases \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & High level requirements to test cases \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} - & Requirements to release/code branch/version \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Allows BA to ensure all business requirements have been met.} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Important from the change management perspective, to determine the impact of a change on the system or process} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 3) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{For the testers and developers, traceability ensures that the requirements coverage has been achieved} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is Enterprise Analysis?}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Purpose: Identify and propose projects that meet strategic needs and goals.} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Identifying business processes performed in the organization}}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Purpose: Evaluate the internal and external environment} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Conducting feasibility studies to determine the optimum business solution} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Define/refine current/future business architecture} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Assess the current state of technology (infrastructure and applications)} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Benchmark analysis} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Competitive studies} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Fully define business problem/opportunity} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Output: Defined Problem/Opportunity} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Determine Solution Approach}}} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Purpose:} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Identify potential solutions \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} - & Analyze feasibility of options \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Recommend viable business solution \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} - & Validate with decision makers \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Output: Solution Approach} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Define Solution Scope}}} \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 1) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Projects inevitably struggle at some point or the other if the scope is not defined properly} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 2) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Solution scope may be determined using the following techniques} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 2) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) - a decomposition of the work that is required to complete a project, and accomplish the business objectives \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 4) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is Enterprise Analysis? (cont)}} \tn % Row 21 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Product Breakdown Structure (PBS) - a decomposition of the components of the product \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{white} - & System Interface Analysis - a definition of the work required to integrate the new solution into the existing business and technical environments \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 5) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Context diagram} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 24 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Product Breakdown Structure} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 25 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Output: Solution Scope} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 26 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Develop the Business Case}}} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 27 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Define project objectives and expected business benefits \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 28 \SetRowColor{white} - & Develop project scope \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 29 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Estimate time, cost, resources \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 30 \SetRowColor{white} - & Analyze cost vs. benefit \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 31 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Evaluate risk \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 32 \SetRowColor{white} - & Inputs: Business Architecture, Business Goal(s), Defined Business Problem/Opportunity Solution Scope \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 3) % Row 33 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Outputs: Business Case \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Solution Assessment and Validation}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{How to assess proposed solutions to determine which solution best fits the business need, identify gaps and shortcomings in solutions, and determine necessary workarounds or changes to the solution} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{How we assess deployed solutions to see how well they met the original need in order to enable businesses to assess the performance and effectiveness of projects.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Purpose: Assess solutions to ensure that strategic goals are met and requirements are satisfied.} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Assess Requirements Coverage}}} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Purpose: Determine how well possible options for solution designs will meet the requirements. The assessment may include a recommendation of a particular solution, rejection of all solutions, or an assessment of possible trade-offs.} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 5) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Examples: RFI/RFP responses, Internal designs, Manual procedures} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Inputs: Solution Design Option(s)} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Outputs: Solution Design Assessment} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Allocate Requirements}}} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Purpose: Allocate requirements among releases and/or solutions components. Ensures that the possible release options are designed in a way to maximize the possible business value given the options and alternatives generated by the design team.} \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 5) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Activities}}} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Allocate requirements to hardware, software, manual procedures, etc.} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 2) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Recommend the release/delivery strategy} \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 1) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Solution Assessment and Validation (cont)}} \tn % Row 13 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Understand trade-offs between different implementation approaches} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Inputs: Solution Design, Validated Requirements} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Outputs: Allocated Requirements} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Determine Organizational Readiness}}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Purpose:}}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Determine organizational readiness to effectively operate the new solution} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Conduct organizational readiness assessment \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{white} - & Recommend ways to optimize the organizational deployment \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Outputs: Organizational Readiness Assessment, Organizational Change Recommendations} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Validate Solution}}} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Purpose:}}} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 24 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Validate the verified and deployed solution meets the business need} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 2) % Row 25 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Define acceptance criteria (including what level of conformance to requirements is acceptable)} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 2) % Row 26 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Identify defects/shortcomings (this should be distinguished from functional testing)} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 2) % Row 27 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Analyze impact} \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 1) % Row 28 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Define corrective actions} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 1) % Row 29 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Validate corrective actions} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 1) % Row 30 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{When a problem is identified with the deployed solution determine what is the most appropriate response} \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 3) % Row 31 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Outputs:}} Validated Solution, Defect Impact Analysis, Validated Corrective, Actions} \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 2) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Solution Assessment and Validation (cont)}} \tn % Row 32 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Evaluate Solution}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 33 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Purpose:}}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 34 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Assess the value of the solution as deployed to the business (to determine if the original goals are met). \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 3) % Row 35 \SetRowColor{white} - & Compare actual vs. expected costs and benefits. \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 36 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Outputs: Cost/Benefit Analysis} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Stakeholder Identification Techniques}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Investigating the business domain} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Identifying owners of the business processes} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Analyzing the structure of the customer's organization} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Exploring the target market of the customer's organization} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Analyzing relationships with external organizations (suppliers, etc.)} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Stakeholder Needs and Expectations}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Different stakeholders may have different needs and expectations regarding the planned solution. It is very important to identify all the stakeholders and their needs, and to find a common understanding of the purpose of a solution, in order to avoid the situation where the final product may meet the requirements of only a selected group of stakeholders.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 8) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Ensure that the features to be implemented will not conflict with the requirement of other stakeholders} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{One of the responsibilities of a Business Analyst is to identify all the stakeholders and define their requirements and expectations} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Determines the initial scope and requirements of the system} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Business Case Definition}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Provides the reasoning for initiating a project} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Describes a justification for the project in terms of the value added to the business as a result of the project outcomes, in comparison to the cost of developing the new solution} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{May be in form of} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} - & Structured document \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Short argument \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} - & Presentation \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Topics may include} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} - & Information about the opportunity (market trends, competitors) \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Qualitative and quantitative benefits \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} - & Estimates of cost and time to breakeven \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Profit expectations \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} - & Follow-on opportunities \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Cash flow consequences of the action, over time, and the methods used for quantifying benefits and costs \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 3) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} - & The impact of the proposed project on the business operations or business process \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 3) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & The impact of the proposed project on the technology infrastructure \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 2) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} - & Constraints associated with the proposed project \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 2) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Estimated budget \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} - & Alignment with priorities established by the business \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 2) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Business Case Definition (cont)}} \tn % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Procedure of Building the Business Case} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} - & Identify and quantify the benefits \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Identify and quantify the costs \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{white} - & Prepare the Business Case \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Define the procedures that will be used to measure the costs and benefits \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Requirements Documentation}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Follow common standards and guidelines} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Important guidelines} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Each requirement must be unambiguous, precise, and understandable \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} - & Superfluous information should be avoided \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Templates should be used as an aid \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} - & Models and diagrams should be used to make the specification document clear and more understandable for readers. \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 4) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Formal graphical notation should be used as a method for presenting complex requirements, dependencies, and relationships \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 4) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A requirements document may include} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Introduction \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} - & Secrecy clause \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Regulations \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} - & Standards \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Stakeholders \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} - & Purpose of the product \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Overall description \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} - & Functional requirements \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Non-functional requirements \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} - & Limitations and assumptions \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 1) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Dependencies \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 1) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} - & Risks \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 1) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Safety requirements \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 1) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{white} - & Document acceptance \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 1) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Requirements Documentation (cont)}} \tn % Row 22 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{When creating a requirements document, the Business Analyst should remember that requirements specifications must be complete, consistent, modifiable, and traceable {[}Wiegers{]}.} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Common Mistakes}}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 24 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Trivialities - Lengthy descriptions of commonly known issues should not be included} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 25 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Information out of scope} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 26 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Thinking in solutions - The requirements specification should discuss the problem to be solved not the technical design of the solution} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 3) % Row 27 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Redundant details} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 28 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Lacking rationale} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Modelling}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Modeling is a way of expressing requirements by representing parts, or the whole, of the proposed solutions} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Way of presenting complex requirements and relationships in the form of a model, especially some graphical form such as diagrams, helps ensure the solution is understood by other stakeholders} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Easier to read and comprehend than written text} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Not mandatory but very helpful in big projects} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Can skip modeling in the following situations} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} - & The solution is fully understood by the stakeholders and is easy to implement. \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 3) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & The requirements are mostly non-functional and difficult to express in the form of a model \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 3) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} - & The problem domain is well known \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & The solution is dedicated to use by very few people \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} - & The scope is declared as constant and there is a low probability of changes in the scope resulting from future requirements or needs. \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 4) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & model representation would be less understandable by the key stakeholders than written text \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 3) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Benefits of modeling} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & simplified expression of real processes \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 2) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} - & describe a complex system in the most clear and unambiguous way. \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 2) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Modelling (cont)}} \tn % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Models present the whole system and its context in a single diagram and therefore help to look at the problem from the overall perspective. \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Common techniques} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & UML notation to express requirements as use case diagrams, activity diagrams, component diagrams, state machine diagrams, etc. \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 4) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} - & BPMN \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Using prototyping as a technique of GUI modeling \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} - & Using SysML notation to develop specifications, analysis, design, verification and validation documentation for systems and systems-of-systems. The specifications may include hardware, software, information, processes, personnel and facilities. \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 7) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Quality criteria for business process models} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{white} - & Correctness (syntactic and semantic correctness) \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 2) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Relevance (no irrelevant details) \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 1) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{white} - & Economic efficiency (designed for a particular purpose) \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 2) % Row 24 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Clarity (understandable by the audience) \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 2) % Row 25 \SetRowColor{white} - & Comparability (based on the same modeling conventions within and between models) \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 3) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Modelling (cont)}} \tn % Row 26 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Systematic design (contains well-defined interfaces to other types of models) \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Domain Knowledge}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The goal of a Business Analyst is to provide business solutions to business issues by assessing business problems, and identifying and analyzing root causes.} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The success of Business Analysis is determined by the benefit that the solution provides to the business either in terms of savings in costs, improvement in productivity, and/or increase in customer satisfaction.} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 5) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{To be able to provide a business solution that provides a measurable benefit to the organization, the Business Analyst must have knowledge of the business domain.} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Importance}}} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Domain knowledge makes it easier for the Business Analyst to connect and communicate with Business Users.} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Domain knowledge makes understanding and analyzing business issues easier} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Lack of domain knowledge may lead to delays in providing the solution, since the business process and business rules must first be understood} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Tools and Techniques of Facilitation}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Applying engagement strategies} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Creating participation} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Generating and organizing data} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Initiating reflection} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Mobilizing energy} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Igniting action} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Recording information} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Applying SWOT analysis} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Tools}}} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Gap analysis} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Flipcharts} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Checklists} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Multi-voting} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Root cause analysis} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Brainstorming} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Managing conflicts tips sheet} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Focus group framework} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Process Improvement}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Process Improvement supports the introduction of change into the current process in order to improve quality, reduce costs and/or accelerate schedules} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Supporting Process Improvement is one of the tasks of a Business Analyst.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The Business Analyst models and analyzes business processes used within an organization in order to discover any ineffective elements.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Techniques}}} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Manually re-design processes on the basis of experience and domain knowledge with the goal of eliminating bottlenecks and making the execution times shorter and more efficient \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 5) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} - & Introduce tools, including software, to optimize the business processes in the organization (e.g., SAP, ERP, CRM software) \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 4) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Simulate and optimize processes \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} - & Adopt a selected methodology or strategy \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Methods:}}} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Benchmarking} \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Business process improvement} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Business process reengineering} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Capability Maturity Model Integration/Capability Maturity Model (CMMI/CMM)} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 2) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{ISO 9000} \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{IT Governance} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Just In Time manufacturing} \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 1) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Process Improvement (cont)}} \tn % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Lean manufacturing} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Performance improvement} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Process management} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Process Improvement and Management (PI\&M)} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Six Sigma} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Total Quality Management (TQM)} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BA Knowledge Areas}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 1. & Business Analysis Planning and Monitoring (Orange) \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} 2. & Enterprise Analysis (Dark Green) \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 3. & Elicitation (Light blue) \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} 4. & Requirement Analysis (light pink) \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 5. & Solution Assessment and Validation \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} 6. & Requirements Management and Communication \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Common Objectives of Business Analysis}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Collect and document the requirements} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Design business solutions to resolve the business problems} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Assist in the timely completion of the project by providing accurate requirements identification and analysis} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Improve efficiency by increasing the quality of requirements identification and analysis and therefore reducing the need for rework and fixes in the later stages of the project} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Business Analysis influences other project areas}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Significant impact on project management (especially scope and time management)} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Design – Business Analysis determines the required business architecture and scope of the solution} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Development – The Systems Analyst (who determines detailed requirement specifications) uses the Business Analysis to determine what has to be implemented.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Testing and other Quality Assurance activities – Products of Business and Systems Analysis are a basis for testing} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Business needs}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A Business Need describes the business problem or opportunity which the Business Analyst must understand and analyze in order to recommend appropriate solutions} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{before a project starts, the Business Need (understood as a problem or an opportunity) and Business Case (understood as costs vs. benefits) are defined, either formally or informally.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{for the projects that help the organization reach its vision, strategic goals, and business objectives.} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Business Analysts are often supported by Project Managers and Product Managers in defining Business Needs} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{One of the responsibilities of a Business Analyst is to cooperate with the person or group requesting the project, including users or proxy users, and to help them articulate the real need.} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is a business process?}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{set of activities aimed at producing a specific output for a particular customer or market.} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{focuses on how the work is done within an organization, the way of organizing work, activities, relationships and the dependencies between them. A process can be considered as the ordering of work activities across time and place, with a beginning, an end, and clearly defined inputs and outputs {[}} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 6) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A business process must have the following characteristics} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} - & Has a goal \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Has specific inputs \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} - & Has specific outputs \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Uses resources \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} - & Has a number of activities that are performed in some order \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Affects at least one organisational unit \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} - & Creates value for the customer (both internal and external) \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Identification of processes allows the Business Analyst to understand the organization's goals,} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 2) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Helps determine the activities and the flow required to achieve future planned business and strategic goals} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 3) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Identification of business processes helps find possible gaps and ineffective parts of the process, which may then be improved via process optimisation} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 4) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{If business processes are not established and understood, then the organization may have a low maturity level, which makes measuring and controlling processes very difficult. In addition, there are likely to be significant problems with the definition of the business goals and needs.} \tn % Row Count 35 (+ 6) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BA in Phases of the Software Life Cycle}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Analysis phase}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} - & Identifying and evaluating the current business processes in an organization ("as is" analysis) \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Gathering initial requirements for the needed business solution ("to be" analysis) \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} - & Creating and analyzing the business case \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Conducting a feasibility study \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} - & Preparing ideas for the business solution \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Specification phase}}} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} - & Identifying and documenting business requirements on a more detailed level \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 3) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Supporting the Systems Analyst in preparing the detailed system specifications (e.g., covering such items as data, mapping, integration issues, user interfaces) \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 5) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} - & Validating the proposed software design with the customer and other stakeholders \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 3) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Managing any requirements changes \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Development phase}}} \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Supporting the development team during implementation (e.g., clarifying issues related to the requirements, validating business rules to be applied in the code) \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 5) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BA in Phases of the Software Life Cycle (cont)}} \tn % Row 13 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Validating the evolving solution according to the intended requirements and needs (when possible) \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{white} - & Supporting testers in preparing test cases and test scripts at the business level and validating the resulting work products \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 4) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Managing any required changes to the requirements (resulting from detected defects, regulatory or legal changes, needs for new or extended functionality, etc.) \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 5) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Testing phase}}} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & BA role varies \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{white} - & verifying test results \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & resolving issues related to defects or gaps in the requirements \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 2) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{white} - & Participating in the preparation of test cases for User Acceptance Testing \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 3) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Supporting the acceptance testers by answering questions during test execution \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BA Planning and Monitoring}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The parameters which are defined and set during the planning phase should retain their validity throughout the project phases and it becomes the responsibility of the business analyst to perform the activities classified under this knowledge area precisely.} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Activities}}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Identify the stakeholders} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} - & Identify stakeholders who may be impacted by a proposed initiative or who share a common business need. \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & determining appropriate stakeholders for the project or project phase, and analyzing stakeholder influence, authority (approve, sign off, veto), and project attitude. \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 5) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} & Outputs: Stakeholder list, Stakeholder roles and responsibility designation \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 3) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & RACI matrix (also known as RASCI matrix) plays very important role in this process. \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 3) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} - & Scope of the tasks and the dependency can be defined easily \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & estimates related to cost, timings and resources \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Communication Planning} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Determine what information the various stakeholders need to be provided about the results of business analysis and the forms it should take (verbal, written, etc). It includes considerations for, as well as constraints, impacts, durability and trade-offs of different communications media \tn % Row Count 35 (+ 8) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BA Planning and Monitoring (cont)}} \tn % Row 11 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Communication plays very important role in any stage of project life-cycle and in order to avoid ambiguity or conflicts in the requirements and end results, the communication should be precise and controlled. \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{white} - & Each stakeholder should understand the details of the requirements \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & WHAT, WHO and WHEN are the important questions related to communication \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Monitoring BA work} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & metrics that can be used for monitoring business analysis work are determined. \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 3) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{white} - & helps in improving future business analysis plans \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & performance measures, reporting and corrective actions \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 2) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Plan Business Analysis Activities} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Determine which activities are required to define the solution to a business problem, how those activities will be carried out, the work effort involved, and an estimate of how long the activities will take. \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 6) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{white} - & Determine tasks in the Knowledge Areas: \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 2) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Identifies task dependencies \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 1) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{white} - & Develop estimates for BA work (time, skill level, complexity of tasks, etc.) \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 3) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BA Planning and Monitoring (cont)}} \tn % Row 23 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Inputs: Stakeholder list, Stakeholder roles and responsibility designation, Organizational Standards \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 24 \SetRowColor{white} - & Outputs: Business Analysis Plans for each KA \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 25 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Plan Requirements Management Process} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 26 \SetRowColor{white} - & Describes how to determine the appropriate requirements process for a particular initiative \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 27 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Consider whether and how requirements are changed \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 28 \SetRowColor{white} - & Which stakeholders need to approve \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 29 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Who will be consulted on, or informed of changes, \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 30 \SetRowColor{white} - & includes the approach to requirements traceability and determining which requirements attributes we will capture \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 4) % Row 31 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Output: Requirements Management Plan \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{RASCI: R- Responsible (does the work), A- Accountable (decision maker, only one), S- Support (provides support during any phase of lifecycle), C- Consulted (consulted prior to the work and provides input), I- Informed (informed about the work progress).} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Requirements Management and Communication}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{How we manage conflicts, issues and changes and ensure that stakeholders and the project team remain in agreement on the solution scope} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Purpose} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Recognise that communication takes places throughout all knowledge areas and is important for managing requirements} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Manage the approved solution and requirements scope} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Ensure stakeholders have access to business analysis work products} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Prepare and communicate requirements to stakeholders} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Manage Solution and Requirements Scope}}} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Baseline and manage changes to business case, solution and requirements} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Approve requirements (according to the approval authority stated in the Requirements Management Plan)} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 3) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Control multiple versions of requirements work products} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Manage requirements conflicts and issues} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Inputs: Stakeholder roles and responsibility designation, Requirements, Requirements management plan} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 2) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Outputs: Approved Requirements, Decision Record} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Manage Requirements Traceability}}} \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Purpose:} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Trace requirements (update and maintaining relationships between requirements components)} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 2) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Perform impact analysis when changes are requested and supply this information to the change control process} \tn % Row Count 32 (+ 3) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Requirements Management and Communication (cont)}} \tn % Row 17 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Support the allocation of requirements to the solution in Solution Assessment and Validation.} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Outputs: Traced Requirements} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Tasks: Maintain Requirements for re-use}}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Purpose:}}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Select which implemented requirements will be maintained after solution implementation} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Name the responsible party who will maintain the requirements} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Facilitate ongoing use of requirements for impact analysis and solution maintenance} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 24 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Facilitate re-use of requirements on related projects to encourage enterprise consistency of business models} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 3) % Row 25 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Inputs: Implemented requirements} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 26 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Outputs: Maintained/re-used requirements} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 27 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Prepare Requirements Package}}} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 28 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Determine appropriate format for requirements, Create a requirements package} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) % Row 29 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Outputs: Requirements package (e.g., executive summary, formal documentation, RFI, RFP, etc.)} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 2) % Row 30 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Task: Communicate requirements}}} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 1) % Row 31 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Interaction with all stakeholders before, during and after projects.} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 2) % Row 32 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Interaction with solution team to assure that requirements are correctly understood and implemented} \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Change Management process}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Identifying a potential change} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Requesting new functionality} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Analyzing the change request} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Evaluating the change} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Planning the change} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Implementing the change} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Reviewing and closing the change request} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Potential changes might be a result of:}}} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A defect found in the code, documentation or requirements} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{System improvement efforts} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{External changes (regulatory, legal, etc.)} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{New or changing requirements (resulting from new regulations, changes within the business domain, new features requested by the users, etc.)} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 3) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Business process improvement initiatives} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Change Request}}} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{When the need for a change appears, there should be a Change Request raised by a stakeholder requesting new or modified functionality. Important elements of a change request are a unique identifier, the author, the deadline (if applicable), an indication whether the change is required or optional, the change type, and an abstract, or description, of the proposed change} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 8) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{All changes should be tracked in a Change Log or Change List} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 2) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Changes should be managed by the Change Control Board (CCB). The CCB is not allowed to submit, approve, reject, or implement changes without discussion with the other stakeholders.} \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 4) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Change Management process (cont)}} \tn % Row 17 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{may have significant impact on other elements of the system, such as components, interfaces, functionality, etc.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Impact analysis should be performed} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Impact analysis includes analysis of the changes needed in the project schedule or budget that would be necessitated if the change were to be implemented} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 4) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{The planning of change implementation includes:}}} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Updating plans as needed depending on the phase of the project (e.g., Project Plan, Development Plan, and Test Plan)} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 3) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Updating business and system documentation (e.g., specifications, architecture design, user manuals)} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 2) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Updating test cases and test scripts} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 24 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Implementing the change (coding)} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 25 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Testing by vendor or/and customer test team} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 26 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Deploying the change to the production environment} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Requirements Organization}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Requirements can be organized (structured) into packages. This packaging conforms to the boundaries (limitations) and solution scope established during Enterprise Analysis and helps to further define those boundaries} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{BA decomposes the problem model to make each requirement more detailed} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Ensure that the model correctly reflects the boundaries for the business problem} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Ensure proper level of detail is achieved} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Types of decomposition}}} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Goal decomposition} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Goals are business requirements \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} - & Goal decomposition helps to ensure the solution will satisfy stakeholder's needs \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 3) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Feature list decomposition} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} - & A feature is a service that the solution provides to fulfill one or more stakeholder need \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 3) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & an abstraction of the solution of the problem expressed at a high-level \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 2) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} - & A feature is developed into completely described functional and supplemental requirements \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 3) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Functional decomposition} \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} - & breakdown of a list of items into classifications or groups based on the function each item performs or the use it provides \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 4) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Requirements Organization (cont)}} \tn % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & identifies the high-level functions of the proposed solution, or the organization itself, and then breaks them down into sub-processes and activities. \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} - & usually performed by a Systems Analyst \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Quality Assurance}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Quality Assurance is a process of systematic monitoring and evaluation of the various aspects of a project or solution. The goal is to maximize the probability that the solution has achieved a desired standard of quality} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Quality Criteria for Requirements}}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Allocatable & Feasible \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Complete & Measurable \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Consistent & Necessary \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Correct & Prioritized \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Testable & Traceable \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} Unambiguous & Understandable \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Does not determine solution} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Checklists}}} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{One of the most common techniques for requirements' quality control is the use of checklists.} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Acceptance and Evaluation Criteria}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/nataliemoore_1479208470_2016-11-15 21_11_36-BABOK 3 ONLINE - A Guide to the Business Analysis Body of Knowledge.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BA necessary skills}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Analytical skills}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Financial analysis} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Statistical analysis} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Operations research} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Requirements analysis} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Systems analysis} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Technical skills}}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Working knowledge of technology} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Understanding of engineering principles} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Ability to apply financial principles to feasibility studies} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Managerial skills}}} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Project management capabilities} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Understanding of organizational behavior} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Soft skills}}} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Negotiation skills} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} - & Ability to negotiate to obtain data \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Ability to negotiate with stakeholders to implement projects \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Communication and writing skills} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Ability to communicate with all levels of management \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 2) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} - & Ability to communicate with stakeholders of various knowledge levels \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 2) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Precision in articulating ideas and thoughts \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 2) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{white} - & Ability to relate with line workers \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 1) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Good technical writing skills \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 1) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{white} - & Strong communication skills in all forms (verbal, non-verbal, written, etc.) \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 3) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BA necessary skills (cont)}} \tn % Row 24 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Public speaking skills \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 25 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Facilitation skills}}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 26 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Facilitation can be defined as a process of enabling groups to work cooperatively and effectively. Facilitation provides leadership} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 3) % Row 27 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Facilitation serves to improve the following skills} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 28 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Leading \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 29 \SetRowColor{white} - & Solving issues \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 30 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Building team and community \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 31 \SetRowColor{white} - & Empowering \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 32 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Resolving conflicts \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 33 \SetRowColor{white} - & Transforming \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 34 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Evoking wise democracy \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 35 \SetRowColor{white} - & Building personal effectiveness \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 36 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Facilitator}}} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 37 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{facilitator is a person who contributes structure and process to interactions so that groups are able to function effectively and make high-quality decisions. The facilitator's goal is to support others and enable them to achieve high performance} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 5) % Row 38 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Tasks and activities} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 1) % Row 39 \SetRowColor{white} - & Helping the group to define its goals and objectives \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 2) % Row 40 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Providing processes to support members of the group to help them use their time effectively and to make high-quality decisions \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 4) % Row 41 \SetRowColor{white} - & Guiding group discussions to ensure objectives are met, and noting any ideas and concepts raised by members during the discussion \tn % Row Count 32 (+ 4) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BA necessary skills (cont)}} \tn % Row 42 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Supporting members of the group in assessing their current skills and building new skills \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 43 \SetRowColor{white} - & Using consensus to enable the group to make decisions \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 44 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Managing conflicts using a collaborative approach \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 45 \SetRowColor{white} - & Helping the group to communicate effectively and to access resources needed to make decisions \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 3) % Row 46 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The facilitator must always stay neutral, listen actively and ask questions that allow the group to identify and collect ideas and concepts. One of the facilitator's tasks is to note and summarize all ideas raised by the members of the group.} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 5) % Row 47 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Facilitator competancies} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 48 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Communicates well \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 49 \SetRowColor{white} - & Processes ideas from people \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 50 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Shows a natural interest \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 51 \SetRowColor{white} - & Listens well \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 52 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Maintains control \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) % Row 53 \SetRowColor{white} - & Empowers the group \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 1) % Row 54 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Handles uncertainty \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 1) % Row 55 \SetRowColor{white} - & Connects with the group quickly \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 1) % Row 56 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Focuses on the business not on personal solutions \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 2) % Row 57 \SetRowColor{white} - & Negotiates between parties \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 1) % Row 58 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Understands group dynamics \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 1) % Row 59 \SetRowColor{white} - & Helps the group to listen and draw logical conclusions \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 2) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BA necessary skills (cont)}} \tn % Row 60 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Runs meetings \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 61 \SetRowColor{white} - & Manages people's expectations \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 62 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - & Understands and explains the process \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}