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% Document Info
\author{Natalie (Natalie Moore)}
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  /Title (conceptual-database-design.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Natalie (Natalie Moore))
  /Subject (Conceptual Database Design Cheat Sheet)
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Conceptual Database Design Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Natalie (Natalie Moore)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/19203/cs/2635/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Natalie (Natalie Moore) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/natalie-moore} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 5th October, 2014.\\
   Updated 12th May, 2016.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Step 1: Identify Entities}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{4 types of entity}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Event} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Person} \tn 
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% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Location} \tn 
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% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Thing} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{If the information you want to include does not fit in one of these categories then it is probably an attribute, not an entity}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Step 2: Identify relationships}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Three types of relationship}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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One to one & 1:1 \tn 
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One to many & 1:N \tn 
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Many to one & M:1 \tn 
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Many to many can not be done in a database and will need to be solved & M:N \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 5
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{\bf{Cardinality}} & Number of elements of each side of the relationship \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Solving M:N}}} \tn 
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% Row 7
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Many to many means that a number of records in one table belongs to a number of records in another table}}} \tn 
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% Row 8
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Remove these records and place them into their own table (associative entity)} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 9
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{2. The relationship between the existing entities and the new entity will be 'one to many'} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{e.g. One customer can make many sales. One invoice per one sale.}  \tn 
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.9954 cm} x{3.9816 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Step 3: Identify and associate attributes}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\seqsplit{Attributes} & Entity fields are called attributes. Aka metadata \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Tables are entities, rows are tuples, and columns are attributes} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{E.g Each info field on a baseball card. Your name, address and phone number are attributes of you.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Step 4: Determine attribute domains}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Each value in the tuple must be of some basic type, like a string or an integer} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Attribute domain is the set of values allowed in an attribute.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Helps with data integrity, by insuring the value entered in each field of a table is consistent with its attribute domain} \tn 
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% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The standard domain types include data values for characters, numerals, currency, dates, times, and Boolean entries (a logical value of either true or false).} \tn 
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% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{http://www.cheatography.com/davechild/cheat-sheets/mysql/} Refer to this cheatsheet with data types for more assistance} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Step 5: Candidate, primary, and alt key attributes}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Candidate key}}} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Each key which COULD serve as primary key. Eg: employee \# or license \#} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Candidate keys can never be null} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Primary Key}}} \tn 
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% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Next select a candidate as a Primary Key (X). X Should:} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
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 & have the minimal set of attributes \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
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 & be least likely to have its values changed \tn 
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 & be least likely to lose uniqueness in the future \tn 
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% Row 8
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{All columns in the relation must be dependant on X} \tn 
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{\bf{Alternate key}} & A candidate key NOT chosen as primary key \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Step 6: Check the model for redundancy}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Examine the ER model and if redundancy found, remove from model.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The three activities in this step are} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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1 & re-examine one-to-one relationships \tn 
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% Row 3
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2 & remove redundant relationships \tn 
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% Row 4
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3 & consider the time dimension when assessing redundancy \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Duplication of data, or storing of the same data in more than one place}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Step 7: Check model supports user transactions}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{ER model represents the data requirements of the organization} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Objective is to check that ER model supports the required transactions} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Two possible approaches} \tn 
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1 & Describing the transaction \tn 
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% Row 4
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2 & Using transaction pathways \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Step 8:  Review design with users}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Review the ER model with the user to ensure that the model is a 'true' representation of the data requirements of the organization (or the part of the organization) to be supported by the database% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}