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\author{Naseiwa (Nasiewa)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (skin-and-soft-tissue-infections.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Naseiwa (Nasiewa))
  /Subject (SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE INFECTIONS Cheat Sheet)
}

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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE INFECTIONS Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Naseiwa (Nasiewa)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/127057/cs/32358/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Naseiwa (Nasiewa) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/nasiewa} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 7th June, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Skin and soft tissue infections}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A group of conditions that affect the skin (epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue or superficial fascia)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2 types:} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Uncomplicated infections - mostly caused by gram positive pathogens ({\emph{Staphylococcus}}, {\emph{Streptococcus}}) that infiltrate the skin after minor injuries (e.g. insect bites, scratches)} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2. Complicated infections - have a higher tendency to be polymicrobial.} \tn 
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% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{SSTIs primarily present with painful, warm, erythematous (a superficial redness secondary to the dilation of capillaries, may appear a deeper shade of purple or brown on darker skin) skin lesions and may lead to pus collection and/or necrosis (an irreversible tissue injury that results in cellular death and inflammation) of the affected tissue.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Systemic symptoms like fever are a sign of a more severe infection.} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Overview of skin and soft tissue infections}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{1. Impetigo}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Highly contagious infection that affects the upper layers of the epidermis} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Most common skin infection in children.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{MOST COMMON PATHOGENS} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{a. {\emph{Staphylococcus aureus}} (bullous and non bullous)} \tn 
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% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{b. {\emph{Streptococcus pyogenes}} (non bullous)} \tn 
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% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{TISSUE INVOLVEMENT - Superficial epidermis} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{CLINICAL FEATURES} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-highly contagious infection with honey-yellow crust} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-bullae formation} \tn 
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% Row 10
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\textasciicircum{}bulla- cutaneous fluid-filled blister \textgreater{}1cm in diameter\textasciicircum{}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 11
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{2. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (generalized form of impetigo)}}} \tn 
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% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Caused by exotoxins of {\emph{S.aureus}} following a local infection (e.g. pharyngitis, bullous impetigo).} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 13
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{MOST COMMON PATHOGENS - Exotoxin of {\emph{S. aureus}}} \tn 
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% Row 14
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{TISSUE INVOLVEMENT -Superficial epidermis} \tn 
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% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{CLINICAL FEATURES} \tn 
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% Row 16
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- erythematous rash} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- fever} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- heals completely} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{3. Nonpurulent SSTIs}}} \tn 
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% Row 20
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{A. Erysipelas}}} \tn 
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% Row 21
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{superficial skin infection of the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Most commonly affects the lower limbs} \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Overview of skin and soft tissue infections (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{MOST COMMON PATHOGENS - Group A Streptococcus (S. pyogenes)} \tn 
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% Row 24
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{TISSUE INVOLVEMENT - Superficial dermis, Lymphatic vessels} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{CLINICAL FEATURES} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Sharply demarcated erythematous skin lesion} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{B. Cellulitis}}} \tn 
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% Row 28
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Rapidly spreading local infection of the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue.} \tn 
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% Row 29
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Commonly appears in areas with broken skin (e.g. due to trauma or another infection.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{MOST COMMON PATHOGENS} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Group A Streptococcus (nonpurulent)} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{S. aureus}} (purulent)} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{TISSUE INVOLVEMENT - Deep dermis, Subcutaneous tissue} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{CLINICAL FEATURES} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Rapidly spreading infection} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- erythematous skin lesions with indistinct margins} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- with or without pus} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{4. Purulent SSTIs}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{A. Skin abscess}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{An accumulation of white-yellow pus predominantly consisting of proteins and neutrophils in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue.} \tn 
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% Row 41
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{MOST COMMON PATHOGENS - {\emph{S. aureus}} (often MRSA)} \tn 
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% Row 42
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{TISSUE INVOLVEMENT - deeper layers of skin} \tn 
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% Row 43
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{CLINICAL FEATURES} \tn 
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% Row 44
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- walled-off infection with a collection of pus} \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Overview of skin and soft tissue infections (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 45
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{B. Folliculitis, Furuncle, Carbuncle}}} \tn 
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% Row 46
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\textasciicircum{}Folliculitis- a localized inflammation of the hair follicle or sebaceous glands that is primarily caused by {\emph{S.aureus}}. Characterized by erythema, tender papules, and/or pustules at the site of the hair follicles\textasciicircum{}} \tn 
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% Row 47
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\textasciicircum{}Furuncle - a well-demarcated, firm, painful, purulent nodule that can develop after folliculitis. Extension into surrounding tissue can cause abscess and/or cellulitis\textasciicircum{}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 48
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\textasciicircum{}Carbuncle - a mix of multiple inflamed follicles (i.e., a mix of furuncles) with drainage of pus. Commonly caused by {\emph{S. aureus}} and {\emph{S. pyogenes}}\textasciicircum{}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 49
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{MOST COMMON PATHOGENS} \tn 
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% Row 50
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- {\emph{S. aureus}}} \tn 
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% Row 51
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- {\emph{Pseudomonas aeruginosa}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{TISSUE INVOLVEMENT - Hair follicle} \tn 
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% Row 53
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{CLINICAL FEATURES} \tn 
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% Row 54
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- localized papules and pustules on the base of the hair follicle} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- usually containing a central hair} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{5. Necrotizing soft tissue infections}}} \tn 
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% Row 57
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A group of life threatening infections characterized by soft tissue destruction and systemic toxicity.} \tn 
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% Row 58
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Subtypes include: necrotizing fasciitis, cellulitis, myositis, and clostridial myonecrosis or gas gangrene} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{MOST COMMON PATHOGENS} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- MIXED INFECTION: Group A Streptococci + anaerobic bacteria} \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Overview of skin and soft tissue infections (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 61
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- {\emph{Clostridium spp.}}: Clostridial myonecrosis} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{TISSUE INVOLVEMENT} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Necrotizing cellulitis: deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Necrotizing fasciitis: superficial fascia} \tn 
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% Row 65
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Necrotizing myositis: muscular tissue} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{CLINICAL FEATURES} \tn 
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% Row 67
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- severe, rapidly progressing infection with necrosis} \tn 
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% Row 68
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- bullae and skin discoloration} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- high risk of systemic complications, high mortality} \tn 
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% Row 70
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\textasciicircum{}Tissue involvement of SSTI (from superficial to deep): impetigo (superficial epidermis), erysipelas (superficial dermis and lymphatic vessels), cellulitis (deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue), necrotizing fasciitis (subcutaneous tissue including superficial and deep fascia)\textasciicircum{}} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Risk factors for skin and soft tissue infections}}  \tn
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LOCAL FACTORS & SYSTEMIC FACTORS & INCREASED EXPOSURE TO PATHOGENS \tn 
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% Row 1
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1. Chromic lymphedema (edema associated with lymphatic obstruction and reduced fluid clearance) & 1. Diabetes mellitus & 1. Prolonged \seqsplit{hospitalization}, surgery (nosocomial pathogens) \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 8)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
2. Local skin defects (e.g. tinea pedis) & 2. \seqsplit{Immunosuppression} (HIV, asplenia, \seqsplit{chemotherapy)} & 2. Water exposure (sea water, hot tubs) \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
3. Circulatory disorders: \seqsplit{arteriovenous} \seqsplit{insufficiency}, chronic edema, stasis & 3. CKD (leads to chronic edema) & 3. Long term IV devices \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
4. Peripheral neuropathy & 4. Obesity, poor nutritional status & 4. Trauma (open wounds, exposed fractures) \tn 
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% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 5. Drug or alcohol use disorder &  \tn 
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% Row 6
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 & 6. Older and younger age &  \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Complications}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Local spread of infection} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2. Systemic involvement with fever and possible sepsis} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3. Spread of infection to distant sites (Staphylococcal infections)} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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% That's all folks
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