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% Document Info
\author{nanana00}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (bioology-unit-5.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (nanana00)
  /Subject (BIOOLOGY - UNIT 5 Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{BIOOLOGY - UNIT 5 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{nanana00} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/145954/cs/31787/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}nanana00 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/nanana00} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 28th April, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.72 cm} x{5.28 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Population Ecology \& Distribution of Organisms,}}  \tn
% Row 0
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{\bf{ecology}} & study of interactions between organisms and the environment \{\{width=60\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
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{\bf{organismal}}\{\{ar\}\} & structure, physiology, behavior, evolutionary vs environmental challenges \{\{width=60\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
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{\bf{population}} \{\{ar\}\} & factors that affect pop. size \{\{width=60\}\} \tn 
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{\bf{community}} \{\{ar\}\} & interactions between species vs comm. structure \& organization \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
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{\bf{ecosystem}} \{\{ar\}\} & energy flow \& chemical cycling between organisms \& environment \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\textasciicircum{}ecosystem =  community of organisms in an area and the physical factors with which they interact \textasciicircum{} \{\{ac\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 6
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{\bf{landscape}} \{\{ar\}\} & factors controlling exchanges of energy, materials, organism across multiple ecosystems \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 7
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\textasciicircum{}landscape/seascape = mosaic of connected ecosystems\textasciicircum{} \{\{ac\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 8
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{\bf{global}} \{\{ar\}\} & biosphere, or global ecosystem; influence of energy \& materials on organisms across the biosphere \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 4)
% Row 9
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\textasciicircum{}biosphere = sum of all the planet's ecosystems \& landscapes\textasciicircum{}\{\{ac\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Population Ecology \& Distribution of Organisms, (cont)}}  \tn
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{\bf{abiotic}} factors & {\emph{nonliving}} chemicals \& physical attributes of environment \{\{nl\}\}ex. temp., precipitation, sunlight, wind \tn 
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{\bf{biotic}} factors & organisms that make up the  living component of environment \tn 
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Global Climate Patterns}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/nanana00_1650554858_unit5bio102.png}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{patterns are largely determined by {\emph{solar energy}} and the planet's {\emph{movement in space}} \{\{nl\}\} warming effect of sun = various temperatures -{}-\textgreater{} evaporation, circulation of air/water \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{laditudinal variations in climate}} \{\{ac\}\}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Latitudinal Variation in Sunlight Intensity}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/nanana00_1650555083_unit5bio102.png}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{• caused by shape of Earth \{\{nl\}\}•sunlight strikes tropic regions between 23.5° north and 23.5° south latitude, most directly \newline \{\{nl\}\}•main reason polar regions are cooler is sunlight strikes poles at lower angles}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Climate}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Affected by:}}} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}•seasonality \{\{nl\}\}•large bodies of water \{\{nl\}\}•mountain ranges} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Seasonality}}} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}•caused by the tilt of the Earth's axis of rotation \& its annual passage around the sun\{\{nl\}\}•strong seasonla cycles in day length, solar radiation, temperate\{\{nl\}\}•changing angle of the sun affects local environments} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Bodies of Water}}} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}•moderate climate of nearby terrestrial environments\{\{nl\}\}•{\emph{during the day}}, air rises over warm land and draws a cool breeze from the water across the land\{\{nl\}\}•{\emph{at night}}, the land cools, air rises over warm water and draws cooler air from land back over the water, which is replaced by warmer air from offshore} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 8)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Large Bodies of Water \& Mountains on Climate}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/nanana00_1650556307_unit5bio102.png}}} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Biomes}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{a {\bf{biome}} is a type of ecosystem }}\{\{ac\}\}} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}•  a community of organisms with certain abiotic environmental conditions \{\{nl\}\}•major life zones characterised by vegetation type in {\emph{terrestrial biomes}} or by physical environment in {\emph{aquatic biomes}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}○ {\emph{ecotone}} - area of intergradation \{\{nl\}\} ○ {\emph{climograph}} - plots annual mean temp. \& precipitation  \{\{nl\}\} ○  {\emph{disturbance}} - removes organisms, alters resources  \{\{nl\}\} ○} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{on land, what determines where biomes are located? }}\{\{ac\}\}} \tn 
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% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{CLIMATE \& TERRESTRIAL BIOMES}}} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}• latitudinal patterns  in terrestrial biomes reflect the latitudinal patterns on climate \{\{nl\}\}• {\bf{temperature \& precipitation}} affect terrestrial biomes\{\{nl\}\}• climate determines vegetation type and limits the distribution of terrestrial biomes} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 7)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{TERRESTRIAL BIOMES}} \{\{ac\}\}} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}•characterized by vertical layering (upper canopy, lower tree) = diverse habitat  \{\{nl\}\} • no sharp boundaries \{\{nl\}\} ‣ tropical forest \{\{nl\}\} ‣ savanna \{\{nl\}\} ‣ deserts \{\{nl\}\} ‣ others...} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 6)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{AQUATIC BIOMES}} \{\{ac\}\}} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}• {\emph{characterized by physical \& chem environment, geological features, photosynthetic organisms, \& heterotrophs)}} \{\{nl\}\} • stratified into vertical \& horizontal zones \{\{nl\}\} light intensity decrease with depth \{\{nl\}\}{\emph{vertical zones:}} \{\{nl\}\} ➤ upper {\bf{photic zone}} - plenty of light for photosynthesis \{\{nl\}\} ➤ lower {\bf{aphotic zone}} - little light \{\{nl\}\} ➤ {\bf{pelagic zone}} (photic + aphotic) \{\{nl\}\} ➤ {\bf{benthic zone}} - (bottom pelagic) organic \& inorg. sediment {[}benthos =  communities{]} \{\{nl\}\} {\emph{thermocline}} separates warm upper layer from cold deeper water \seqsplit{\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_} \{\{nl\}\} {\emph{horizontal zones:}} \{\{nl\}\} ➤ {\bf{littoral }}- shallow, near shore, rooted plants \{\{nl\}\} ➤ {\bf{limnetic zone}} - away from shore, too deep for rooted plants} \tn 
% Row Count 43 (+ 18)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} p{0.8 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Interactions Between Organisms \& Environment}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{dispersal} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} p{0.8 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Interactions Between Organisms \& Environment}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{dispersal} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

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