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%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{mutanclan (mutanclan)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (python-string-formatting.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (mutanclan (mutanclan))
  /Subject (python string formatting Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{python string formatting Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{mutanclan (mutanclan)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/79625/cs/19406/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}mutanclan (mutanclan) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/mutanclan} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 20th April, 2019.\\
   Updated 20th April, 2019.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.12 cm} x{4.88 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Field definitions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}replacement\_field & \{\{nobreak\}\}`"\{" {[}field\_name{]} {[}"!" conversion{]} {[}":" format\_spec{]} "\}"` \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
field\_name & \{\{nobreak\}\}`arg\_name ("." attribute\_name | "{[}" element\_index "{]}")*` \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
arg\_name & `{[}identifier | digit+{]}` \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}attribute\_name & `identifier` \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}element\_index & `digit+ | index\_string` \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
index\_string & \{\{noshy\}\}`\textless{}any source character except "{]}"\textgreater{} +` \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
conversion & `"r" | "s" | "a"` \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
format\_spec & \{\{noshy\}\}`Format Specification Mini-Language` \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{field\_name}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The {\emph{replacement\_field}} can start with a {\emph{field\_name}} to specify the object whose value is to be formatted and inserted. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
The {\emph{field\_name}} begins with an {\emph{arg\_name}}.  The {\emph{arg\_name}} can be followed by any number of index or attribute expressions.% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{arg\_name}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{An {\emph{arg\_name}} is either a number or a keyword. If it's a number it refers to a positional argument. If it's a keyword, it refers to a named keyword argument. If the numerical {\emph{arg\_names}} in a format string are 0,1,2 in sequence, the can be omitted (They are automatically inserted).% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{attribute\_name}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{noshy\}\}An expression of the form `'.name'` selects the named attribute using {\bf{getattr()}}% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{element\_index}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{noshy\}\}An expression of the form `'{[}index{]}'` does an index lookup using {\bf{\_\_getitem\_\_()}}. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
For example: \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
List index: `{[}0{]}` \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
Dictionary: `{[}name{]}`% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.88 cm} x{7.12 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{conversion}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
!s & calls {\bf{str()}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
!r & calls {\bf{repr()}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
!a & calls {\bf{ascii()}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{The {\emph{conversion}} field forces a type conversion {\bf{before}} formatting, so not by the {\bf{\_\_format\_\_()}} method of the value itself.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} x{7.2 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{String presentation types}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`s` & String format. This is the default for strings \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
None & The same as `s` \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} x{7.2 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Integer presentation types}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`b` & Binary format. Outputs the number in base 2 \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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`c` & Character. Converts the integer to unicode \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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`d` & Decimal integer. Outputs number in base 10 \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`o` & Octal format. Outputs number in base 8 \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
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`x` & Hex format. Outputs number in base 16 using lowercase letters \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
`X` & Hex format. Outputs number in base 16 using uppercase letters \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`n` & Number. Same as `d` but uses current locale setting for the separator \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
None & Same as `d` \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.04 cm} x{4.96 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Format Specification Mini-Language}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}format\_spec & \{\{noshy\}\}`{[}{[}fill{]}align{]}{[}sign{]}{[}\#{]}{[}0{]}{[}width{]}{[}grouping\_option{]}{[}.precision{]}{[}type{]}` \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
fill & `\textless{}any character\textgreater{}` \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
align & `"\textless{}" | "\textgreater{}" | "=" | "\textasciicircum{}"` \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
sign & `"+" | "-" | " "` \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
width & `digit+` \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}grouping\_option & `"\_" | ","` \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
precision & `digit+` \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
type & \{\{noshy\}\}`"b" | "c" | "d" | "e" | "E" | "f" | "F" | "g" | "G" | "n" | "o" | "s" | "x" | "X" | "\%"` \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.2 cm} x{6.8 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{fill, sign and align}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`\textless{}` & Force left-alignment within available space \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`\textgreater{}` & Force rigth-alignment within available space \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`=` & Only valid for numeric types. Forces the padding to be placed after the {\emph{sign}} but before the digits \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`\textasciicircum{}` & Forces the field to be centered within available space \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`+` & Use a {\emph{sign}} for both positiv and negative numbers \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
`-` & Use {\emph{sign}} only for negative numbers \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{`space`} & Use a leading space for positiv numbers and a minus sign for negative numbers \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
`\#` & Causes the alternate form to be used for the conversion. binary: `0b`, octal: `0o` and hex: `0x`. For floats, complex and Decimal types that causes to contain a trailing decimal-point even if no digits follow it \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 7)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`,` & Use `,` for thousands separator \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
`\_` & Use `\_` for thousands separator \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{If an {\emph{align}} value is specified it can be preceded by a {\emph{fill}} character, that can be any character (default is space) \newline  \newline The {\emph{sign}} option is only valid on numeric types}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{width and precision}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{width}} is a decimal integer defining the minimum field width. A leading `0` enables sign-aware zero-padding for numeric types. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
{\emph{precision}} is a decimal number indicating how many digits should be displayed after the decimal point. For non-number types it indicates the maximum field-size. Not allowed for integer values% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} x{7.2 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Floating point and decimal presentation types}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`e` & Exponent notation using the letter {\bf{e}} to indicate the exponent. Default {\emph{precision}} is `6` \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`E` & Exponent notation. Same as `e` but with uppercase {\bf{E}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`f` & Fixed-point notation. Default {\emph{precision}} is `6` \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`F` & Fixed-point notation. Same as `f` but converts `nan` to `NAN` and `inf` to `INF` \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`g` & General format. If {\emph{precision}} is `p\textgreater{}=1` this rounds the number to `p` significant digits. Output format is either fixed-point or in scientific notation, depending on the magnitude \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
`G` & General format. Same as `g` but switches to `E` if the number gets too large. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`n` & Number. Same as `g` but use current locale for the number separator character \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
`\%` & Percentage. Multiplies number by 100 and displays it in `f` format followed by a percentage sign \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
None & Same as `g` but fixed-point notation has at least one digit past the decimal point \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}