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  /Title (research-methods.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (MSingleton)
  /Subject (Research Methods Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Research Methods Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{MSingleton} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/194889/cs/40744/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}MSingleton \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 10th October, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.86963 cm} x{1.87657 cm} x{1.8308 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{How Do We Know What We Know?}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Tradition} & Widely held or culturally shared beliefs & {\bf{Potential Issues:}} may lead us to accept the status quo and not explore new ideas or question the beliefs \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Authority} & Information is believed because of the source (e.g., parents, teachers, media) & {\bf{Potential Issues:}}  may be misleading or wrong \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Personal} \seqsplit{Experience} & Direct \seqsplit{experience/observation} & {\bf{Potential Issues:}} can be limited as it is based on our own experiences; information might not be generalizable to others \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 8)
% Row 3
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Faith & A type of knowledge that is based on belief with little or no evidence to support it & {\bf{Potential Issues:}} can be misleading \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Characteristics of Good Research}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Based on the work of others} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Can be replicated} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Generalizable to other settings, persons, times} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Based on some logical rationale and is tied to theory} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Realistic} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Unbiased or objective} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Ethical} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Transparent} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Steps of the Scientific Method}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1.) Select Topic} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2.) Focus Question} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3.) Design Study} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{4.) Collect Data} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{5.) Analyze Data} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{6.) Interpret Data} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{7.) Inform Others} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Theory}} can assist in developing research questions and hypotheses, and interpreting results.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Principles of the Scientific Method}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Evidence-based approach} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Following an explicit set of rules and engage in systematic observations (as opposed to speculation, intuition, opinions, feelings, etc.)} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Circulatory} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Replication} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Publication - openness} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Objectivity} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Purposes of Research}}  \tn
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{\bf{Exploratory}} & learn about something entirely new and unknown & what? & general ideas and research questions \tn 
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{\bf{Descriptive}} & provide details on something known & who? when? how? & factual details and descriptions \tn 
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{\bf{Explanatory}} & build a new or test an existing explanation & why? & test a theory; compare explanations \tn 
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{\bf{Evaluation}} & determine the effectiveness of a program or policy & does it work? & practical \seqsplit{recommendations} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Errors in Reasoning}}  \tn
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\seqsplit{Overgeneralization} & making broad generalizations with little evidence \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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Illogical Reasoning & basing our conclusions on invalid assumptions \tn 
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Resistance to Change & relcutancy to change our opinions/beliefs because of things like ego-based commitments or an excessive devotion to tradition \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Errors in Observation}}  \tn
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Inaccurate Observations & sometimes we are just incorrect and don't see everything that is happening \tn 
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% Row 1
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Selective Observation & if we believe something, we tend to pay more attention to things that mat our beliefs \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.64241 cm} x{3.33459 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of Research Methods}}  \tn
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Quantitative Methods & collects numerical data and analyzes it using statistical methods (e.g., surveys, experiments, correlational studies) \tn 
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Qualitative Methods & collects non-numerical data (e.g., interviews, focus groups, field research) \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 2
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Mixed Methods & combines qualitative and quantitative to get a complete understanding of what is being studied \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}