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% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
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% Document Info
\author{MSingleton}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (german-voices-active-passive-past.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (MSingleton)
  /Subject (German Voices (Active/Passive/Past) Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{German Voices (Active/Passive/Past) Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{MSingleton} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/194889/cs/45666/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}MSingleton \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/msingleton} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 14th February, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

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% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.68655 cm} x{2.05965 cm} x{1.8308 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Active}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Formed when the {\bf{subject}} of the sentence is {\bf{clearly identified as the one performing the action}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Example}} & {\bf{Der Lehrer}} erkl{\"a}rt die Regel. & The teacher explains the rule. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example}} & {\bf{Ich}} trinke Wasser. & I drink water. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Active voice sentences follow a straightforward subject-verb-object pattern, making it easy to understand who is doing what.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.64078 cm} x{1.96811 cm} x{1.96811 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Passive}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Formed by using the auxiliary verb "{\bf{werden}}" with the {\bf{past participle}} of the main verb.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{werden/wurden} & become/became &  \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example}} & Shakespeare {\bf{wurde}} in England {\bf{geboren}}. & Shakespeare was born in England. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Example}} & Die Lizenzen für D\&D {\bf{wurden}} zu teuer. & The licensing for D\&D became too expensive. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example}} & Ich {\bf{wurde}} gestern von so einem Typen {\bf{angerufen}}. & A guy called me last night. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{The passive voice is used when you want to focus on what happened instead of who did it. It makes the thing that was acted on the subject of the sentence. People use it when it doesn't matter who did the action, when they don't know who did it, or when they want to highlight the result of the action. Also used in formal writing.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.59501 cm} x{2.10542 cm} x{1.87657 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Past Perfect (Plusquamperfekt)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{The past perfect is formed by using the past tense of the auxiliary verb "{\bf{haben}}" or "{\bf{sein}}" followed by the past participle of the main verb.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{haben/hatte} & to have/had &  \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{sein/waren} & to be/was &  \tn 
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% Row 3
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{\bf{Example}} & Ich {\bf{hatte}} gegessen, bevor ich zur Arbeit ging. & I had eaten before I went to work. \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example}} & Er {\bf{war}} schon gegangen, als ich ankam. & He had already left when I arrived. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{The past perfect tense is used to talk about something that happened before another event in the past. When talking about two past events, use the past perfect to specify that one event happened before the other with words like "{\bf{nachdem}}" (after), "{\bf{bevor}}" (before). These words often signal the need for the past perfect tense to clarify the timeline}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.46464 cm} x{1.3731 cm} x{1.73926 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Past Simple Tense (Pr{\"a}teritum/Imperfekt)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Use the imperfect when telling stories, writing formally, or talking about repeated actions in the past. For regular verbs, add {\bf{-te}} to the stem.  For irregular verbs, the stem changes.} \tn 
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% Row 1
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{\bf{Example}} (Regular) & spielen (to play) → & er spiel{\bf{te}} (he played). \tn 
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% Row 2
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{\bf{Example}} (Irregular) & gehen (to go) → & er ging (he went). \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{The past simple tense is used to talk about something that happened in the past, without comparing it to another event.}  \tn 
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}