\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{mregal1} \pdfinfo{ /Title (french-4-lavc.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (mregal1) /Subject (French - 4 (LAVC) Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{5B0F63} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F4F0F5} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{French - 4 (LAVC) Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{mregal1} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/193601/cs/40293/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}mregal1 \\ \uline{cheatography.com/mregal1} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 31st October, 2023.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{2} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.268 cm} x{3.268 cm} x{1.064 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Simple Future Tense - "will"}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Parler}} & {\bf{Prendre}} & {\bf{Forme}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Je {\emph{parler{\bf{ai}}}} & Je {\emph{prend{\bf{ai}}}} & {\bf{+ai}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Tu {\emph{parler{\bf{as}}}} & Tu {\emph{prendr{\bf{as}}}} & {\bf{+as}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Il / Elle / On {\emph{parler{\bf{a}}}} & Il / Elle / On {\emph{prendr{\bf{a}}}} & {\bf{+a}} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Nous {\emph{parler{\bf{ons}}}} & Nous {\emph{prendr{\bf{ons}}}} & {\bf{+ons}} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Vous {\emph{parler{\bf{ez}}}} & Vous {\emph{prendr{\bf{ez}}}} & {\bf{+ez}} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Ils / Elles {\emph{parler{\bf{ont}}}} & Ils / Elles {\emph{prendr{\bf{ont}}}} & {\bf{+ont}} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{How to conjugate}} - Infinitive of the verb + endings ( -ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez and -ont)} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.268 cm} x{3.268 cm} x{1.064 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Conditionnel Présent- "would / could"}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Parler}} & {\bf{Prendre}} & {\bf{Forme}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Je {\emph{parler{\bf{ais}}}} & Je {\emph{prend{\bf{ais}}}} & {\bf{+ais}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Tu {\emph{parler{\bf{ais}}}} & Tu {\emph{prendr{\bf{ais}}}} & {\bf{+ais}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Il / Elle / On {\emph{parler{\bf{ait}}}} & Il / Elle / On {\emph{prendr{\bf{ait}}}} & {\bf{+ait}} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Nous {\emph{parler{\bf{ions}}}} & Nous {\emph{prendr{\bf{ions}}}} & {\bf{+ions}} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Vous {\emph{parler{\bf{iez}}}} & Vous {\emph{prendr{\bf{iez}}}} & {\bf{+iez}} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Ils / Elles {\emph{parler{\bf{aient}}}} & Ils / Elles {\emph{prendr{\bf{aient}}}} & {\bf{+aient}} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{When to use le conditionnel in French}} \newline *to express a wish, a possibility, or a hypothesis in the present or the future (conditionnel présent) or in the past (conditionnel passé) \newline *as a tense to talk about the future from a past point of view \newline *in if-clauses \newline *to make polite requests} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.528 cm} x{1.296 cm} x{1.368 cm} x{1.008 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Irregular Verbs for Future Simple}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Infinitif}} & {\bf{Futur}} & {\bf{Conditional}} & {\bf{Radical}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Acheter & \seqsplit{J'achèterai} & \seqsplit{J'achèterais} & {\emph{achèter}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{verbes où l'accent change}} & Je \seqsplit{préfèrerai} & Je \seqsplit{préfèrerais} & {\emph{préfèrer}} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Aller & J'irai & \seqsplit{J'irais} & {\emph{ir}} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Avoir & \seqsplit{J'aurai} & \seqsplit{J'aurais} & {\emph{aur}} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Courir & \seqsplit{J'courrai} & \seqsplit{J'courrais} & {\emph{courr}} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Devoir & Je devrai & Je \seqsplit{devrais} & {\emph{devr}} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} Employer {\emph{(essayer, payer, etc) \{\{nl\}\} verbes en -yer}} & \seqsplit{J'emploierai} & \seqsplit{J'emploierais} & {\emph{emploie}} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 3) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & \seqsplit{J'essaierai} & \seqsplit{J'essaierais} & {\emph{essaie}} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} & \seqsplit{J'paierai} & \seqsplit{J'paierais} & {\emph{paie}} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Envoyer & \seqsplit{J'enverrai} & \seqsplit{J'enverrais} & {\emph{enverr}} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 2) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} Être & Je serai & Je serais & {\emph{ser}} \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 2) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Faire & Je ferai & Je ferais & {\emph{fer}} \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 2) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} Falloir\{\{nl\}\}(il faut) & Il faudra & Il \seqsplit{faudrait} & {\emph{faudr}} \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 2) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.528 cm} x{1.296 cm} x{1.368 cm} x{1.008 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Irregular Verbs for Future Simple (cont)}} \tn % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Jeter {\emph{(appeler, etc)\{\{nl\}\}Verbes qui double la consonne}} & Je \seqsplit{jetterai} & Je \seqsplit{jetterais} & {\emph{jetter}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} & Je \seqsplit{m'appellerai} & Je \seqsplit{m'appellerais} & {\emph{appeller}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Mourir & Je \seqsplit{mourrai} & Je \seqsplit{mourrais} & {\emph{mourr}} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} Recevoir & Je \seqsplit{recevrai} & Je \seqsplit{recevrais} & {\emph{recevr}} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Pleuvoir\{\{nl\}\}(il pleut) & Il \seqsplit{pleuvra} & Il \seqsplit{pleuvrait} & {\emph{pleuvr}} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} Pouvoir & Je \seqsplit{pourrai} & Je \seqsplit{pourrais} & {\emph{pourr}} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Prendre & Je \seqsplit{prendrai} & Je \seqsplit{prendrais} & {\emph{prendr}} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{white} S'asseoir & Je \seqsplit{m'assiérai} & Je \seqsplit{m'assiérais} & {\emph{s'assiér}} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 3) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} savoir & Je saurai & Je \seqsplit{saurais} & {\emph{saur}} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 2) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{white} Valoir\{\{nl\}\}(il vaut mieux) & Il vaudra & Il \seqsplit{vaudrait} & {\emph{vaudr}} \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 2) % Row 24 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Venir\{\{nl\}\}{\emph{(devenir, souvenir, etc.)}} & Je \seqsplit{viendrai} & Je \seqsplit{viendrais} & {\emph{viendr}} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 2) % Row 25 \SetRowColor{white} Tenir\{\{nl\}\}{\emph{(retenir, soutenir, etc)}} & Je \seqsplit{tiendrai} & Je \seqsplit{tiendrais} & {\emph{tiendr}} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 2) % Row 26 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Voir & Je verrai & Je \seqsplit{verrais} & {\emph{verr}} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 2) % Row 27 \SetRowColor{white} Vouloir & Je \seqsplit{voudrai} & Je \seqsplit{voudrais} & {\emph{voudr}} \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Placement of Pronom Complément}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{COD/COI}} \{\{nl\}\}1ère \{\{nl\}\}personne} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{me \{\{nl\}\} te \{\{nl\}\} nous \{\{nl\}\} vous}}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Modèles \newline \newline Je {\bf{te}} donne {\emph{la responsabilité.}} -{}-\textgreater{} Je {\emph{te la}} donne. \newline \newline Nous avons envoyé {\bf{la lettre}} {\emph{à nos avocats}} -{}-\textgreater{} Nous {\emph{la leur}} avons envoyée. \newline \newline Il va offrir ses {\bf{compliments}} {\emph{au chef.}} -{}-\textgreater{} Il va {\emph{les lui}} offrir. \newline \newline On avait monté {\bf{les bagages}} {\emph{à notre chambre}} -{}-\textgreater{} On {\emph{les y}} avait monté.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Futur Antérieur - "will have"}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{PERSON}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Je}} (I)} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Tu}} (you)} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Il / Elle/ On}} (he/ she/ it)} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Nous}} (we)} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Vous}} (you)} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Ils / Elles}} (they)} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Utilise {\bf{être}} avec reflexive verbs et}}: \newline naître/mourir, aller/venir, monter/descendre, arriver/partir, entrer/sortir, apparaître, rester, retourner, tomber and their related forms such as: revenir, rentrer, remonter, redescendre, repartir.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Conditionnel passé- "would have"}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{PERSON}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Je}} (I)} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Tu}} (you)} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Il / Elle/ On}} (he/ she/ it)} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Nous}} (we)} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Vous}} (you)} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Ils / Elles}} (they)} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Utilise {\bf{être}} avec reflexive verbs et}}: \newline naître/mourir, aller/venir, monter/descendre, arriver/partir, entrer/sortir, apparaître, rester, retourner, tomber and their related forms such as: revenir, rentrer, remonter, redescendre, repartir.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{0.988 cm} x{3.344 cm} x{3.268 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Les Prenoms COD vs COI}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\bf{COD}} & {\bf{COI}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} & Juste aprés le verbe & après une préposition \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & répond a la question : \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{qui? quoi?}} & répond à la question :\{\{nl\}\} {\bf{à qui ? à quoi ? de qui ? de quoi ? avec qui ?}} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 5) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} & {\emph{person, thing or place}} & {\bf{{\emph{a person}}}} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{Je}} & {\bf{ME}} & {\bf{ME}} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} {\emph{Tu}} & {\bf{TE}} & {\bf{TE}} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{Il/ Elle}} & {\bf{{\emph{LE/LA}}}} & {\bf{{\emph{LUI}}}} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} {\emph{Nous}} & {\bf{NOUS}} & {\bf{NOUS}} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{Vous}} & {\bf{VOUS}} & {\bf{VOUS}} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} {\emph{Ils/ Elles}} & {\bf{{\emph{LES}}}} & {\bf{{\emph{LEUR}}}} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Elle mange {\emph{des abricots}}}} {\emph{Quoi?}} {\bf{COD}} \newline {\bf{Elle parle {\emph{de}} ses vacances.}} {\emph{de quoi?}} {\bf{COI}} \newline \newline COI - As a clue, look for the preposition à (to, for), which may be in the form of au (the contraction of à + le) , à l', à la, or aux (the contraction of à + les), followed by the name or reference to a person.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.24 cm} x{5.76 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{COP - Y}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Y}} = a thing, an idea, or a place - but NEVER a person}}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Use {\emph{Y}} in place of the preposition and substantif}}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} à & to, at, in \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} à côte de & next to \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} chez & at the home of, at the business of \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} derrière & behind \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} dans & inside \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} au dessous de & beneath, below \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} au dessus de & above \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} devant & in front of \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} en & within \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} en face de & across from, facing \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} par & by \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} pour & for \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} sous & underneath \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} sur & on top of \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Le chat est {\emph{sous la chaise.}}}} -{}-\textgreater{} {\bf{Il {\emph{y}} dort.}} \newline \newline {\bf{Marcel va {\emph{au cinéma ?}}}} -{}-\textgreater{} {\bf{Oui, il {\emph{y}} va.}} \newline \newline Y = a thing, an idea, or a place - but NEVER a person} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4.8 cm} x{3.2 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{COP - EN}}}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{EN = a thing or a place {\emph{(NEVER a person)}}}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Use EN in place of the {\emph{preposition de + a thing or place}}}}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} assez de & enough \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} beaucoup de & a lot of, many \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} combien de & how many/ much \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} pas mal de & quite a few, quite a bit of \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} peu de & little, few \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} un peu de & a little of \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} plusiers & several \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} quelques & some, a few \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tant de & so much of \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} trop de & too much of \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{unités de mesure}} \{\{nl\}\} {\emph{(un kilo, une livre, un litre, un gramme etc.)}} & all units of measure \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 4) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{récipients}} \{\{nl\}\} {\emph{(un verre, une tasse, un sac etc.)}} & all containers \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{EN}} can remplace a substantif introduced by -{}-{}-\textgreater{} {\bf{un, une, de, de l', des}} \newline \newline 1.) {\bf{Voici votre café. Prenez-vous {\emph{du}} sucre ?}} -{}-\textgreater{} {\bf{Oui, j'{\emph{en}} prends.}} \newline 2.) {\bf{Combien {\emph{de}} frères avez-vous ?}} -{}-\textgreater{} {\bf{J'{\emph{en}} ai quatre.}} \newline \newline 3.) {\bf{Elle sort {\emph{du}} théâtre.}} -{}-\textgreater{} {\bf{Elle {\emph{en}} sort.}} \newline 4.) {\bf{Le chat est descendu {\emph{de l'}}arbre.}} -{}-\textgreater{} {\bf{Il {\emph{en}} est descendu.}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}