\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{MostAncientDream}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (alvl-p2-nuclear-ch18.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (MostAncientDream)
  /Subject (Alvl P2: nuclear (ch18) Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{ED8A09}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{FDF7EF}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Alvl P2: nuclear (ch18) Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{MostAncientDream} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/168994/cs/42452/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}MostAncientDream \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/mostancientdream} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 20th February, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{basics and decay graph}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{isotope - same protons different neutrons  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
A - mass number (total particles) \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
Z - atomic number (total protons)  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
N = A - Z \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
on the decay graph: \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
- isotopes near the bottom tend to emit B+/- \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
- isotopes near the top are alpha emitters \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
{\bf{more neutrons = more unstable = more likely to decay}}% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{binding energy curve}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{**make sure to know the key points on this graph}} \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
- iron is the most stable as it has the highest binding energy (at the top of the curve) \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
- if youre moving from lower binding energy to higher ( -{}-\textgreater{} on graph till iron) then energy is released from fusion \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 3)
- if youre moving from lower binding energy to higher (\textless{}-{}- on the graph from uranium to iron) then energy is being released from fission% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Reactors}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{composed of uranium-235 fuel rods with moderators on the inside, eg. water, graphite. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
the moderators slow down the neutrons to thermal speeds to allow them to be absorbed by the fuel rods (otherwise they would reflect off the rods)  \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
the control rods between the fuel rods (boron) absorb neutrons completely without cuasing anymore reactions (like an on/off switch) \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 3)
coolant is CO2 fluid that takes heat away from the rods and takes it to the boiler which heats the water and in turn turns it into steam to turn the turbine.% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{binding energy and reactions}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{binding energy = energy required to separate a nucleus into its consitutents part}} \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
higher binding energy/higher binding energy per nucleon = more stable \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
a nucleus is lighter than its constiuent parts.  \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\textgreater{}\textgreater{} this is due to energy in the form of mass being used to separate the particles \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
mass {\bf{defect}} = change in mass from nucleus to consituent parts ({\emph{fusion}}) \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
mass {\bf{difference}}  = mass difference between nucleus and fission fragments ({\emph{fission}}) \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
E = mc\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{} \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
or  \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
mass defect (in u) x 931.5MeV = Energy \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
Fission: \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
- occurs when a nucleus collides with neutrons  \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
- forms a daughter nucleus as well as 2-3 more neutrons which therefore cause a chain reaction% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}