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%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
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% Document Info
\author{MostAncientDream}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (alvl-p1-particles-ch1-2.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (MostAncientDream)
  /Subject (Alvl P1: Particles (ch1/2) Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Commands
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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Alvl P1: Particles (ch1/2) Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{MostAncientDream} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/168994/cs/42368/}}}
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\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}MostAncientDream \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/mostancientdream} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 13th February, 2024.\\
   Updated 13th February, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.08 cm} x{1.296 cm} x{1.728 cm} x{3.096 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Particle Forces}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{force}} & {\bf{affects}} & {\bf{exchange particles}} & {\bf{range}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{strong} \seqsplit{nuclear} & \seqsplit{hadrons} & \seqsplit{pion/gluon} & none- \textgreater{}4fm, attrac 0.5\textless{}x\textless{}4fm, repul \textless{}0.5fm \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
em & \seqsplit{charged} \seqsplit{particles} & photons & infinite \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
weak \seqsplit{nuclear} & all & W\textasciicircum{}+/-/\textasciicircum{} & 10\textasciicircum{}-18\textasciicircum{} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{gravity} & all & graviton & infinite \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{the strong nuclear force holds nucleons together in a nucleus. the repulsion at \textless{}0.5fm stops the nucleus imploding.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{specific charge}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{specific charge: \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
charge to mass ratio \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
for an atom, is the charge (typically proton number unless an ion then the charge eg 2+ only) over the overall mass (proton and neutron number)% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{nuclear decay equations}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{unstable nuclei decay to become more stable emitting radiation. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
these can ionise other atoms/molecules which can be dangerous  \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
{\bf{Alpha decay (larger nuclei):}} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
4 on the top, 2 on the bottom \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
{\bf{Beta decay (smaller nuclei):}} \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
+ - p\textgreater{}n \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
-  - n\textgreater{}p  \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
{\emph{*}}*make sure lepton numbers are balenced \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
eg. beta- decay has anti electron neutrino \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
{\bf{gamma radiation:}} \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
is a high energy EM wave that can be emitted but this isnt due to decay but due to nucleus being in an metastable state (excess energy) \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 3)
in a decay equation you would write the product number at the top with a small m  \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 2)
in a separate equation you take the element with the m and write it out with the product being without the m and the gamma ray% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{conservation}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{charge, energy and momentum, baryon/lepton number must all be conserved in any interaction.  \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
{\bf{strangeness}} doesnt need to be conserved, only in {\emph{strong}} interaction \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
rules: \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
- particle decay \textgreater{} strangeness is not always conserved \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
- pair production \textgreater{} strangeness is always conserved \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
{\bf{strangeness:}} \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
- strange particles are produced by strong interaction \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
- to conserve strangeness they are always created in pairs \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2)
 eg. p + p = us\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{}s \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
- they decay via weak interaction but don't need to be created in pairs (don't have to be conserved) \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 3)
proving conservation: (Relating to particle interactions) \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 2)
B\textasciicircum{}+/-\textasciicircum{} -{}-\textgreater{} occurs in a neutron (decay) - B\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} = p\textgreater{}n \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 2)
electron scatter -{}-\textgreater{} come close and repel due to charge \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 2)
P-N bond -{}-\textgreater{} occurs in nuecleus due to strong force (also em however em is weaker than strong) \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 2)
electron capture -{}-\textgreater{} electron captured by a proton, therefore exchange particle is always from the proton (W\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{}) \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 3)
E-P collision -{}-\textgreater{} electron collides with proton so exchange particle comes from the electron (w\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{})% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Annihilation and pair production}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{these are possible due to the fact that {\bf{mass can be converted ubti energy and vice versa}} \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
Annihilation: \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
particle and antiparticle collide- mass is converted to two photons \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
minimum energy/frequency: \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
2mc\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{} = 2hf \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
{\emph{if the particles have kinetic energy this is added to the photons energy}} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
Pair production: \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
a photon of sufficient energy is converted into a particle and its antiparticle \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
minimum freq photon for this: \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
hf = 2mc\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{} \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
if photon has more than minimum needed, it is converted into Ek% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}