\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{Morghay123}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (microscopy-cell-structure-staining.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Morghay123)
  /Subject (Microscopy, Cell Structure, Staining Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{242CA3}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F1F1F9}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Microscopy, Cell Structure, Staining Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Morghay123} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/53154/cs/17047/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Morghay123 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/morghay123} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 13th September, 2018.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.32 cm} x{5.68 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bacterial Stains}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Simple Stain}} & -Single basic dye e.g. Methylene blue\{\{nl\}\}- All bacteria take the color of the dye \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Differential Stain}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Primary Stain & \_ First dye used in the staining process\{\{nl\}\}-Will initially stain all cells and then be removed from a subset \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Mordant & Improves the ability of the primary stain to bind cells \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Decolorizer} & Removes the primary stain from a subset of cells \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Counterstain} & Second dye that stains decolorized cells \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Positive stain = purple color, negative charge}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Negative stain = pink stain, negative charge}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.204 cm} x{2.736 cm} x{2.66 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of Microscopes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Light Microscope \seqsplit{(Bright-field)} & {\emph{Unstained}}\{\{nl\}\}Passes light directly through specimen\{\{nl\}\}unless cell is naturally pigmented or artificially stained, image has little contrast\{\{nl\}\}{\emph{Stained}}\{\{nl\}\}Staining with various dyes enhances contrast, but most staining procedures require that cells be fixed (preserved) & 1.Iris diaphragm\{\{nl\}\} 2.Condenser\{\{nl\}\} 3.Specimen\{\{nl\}\} 4.Objective lense\{\{nl\}\} 5.Eye\{\{nl\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 21)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Dark-field Microscope & -Light is projected at an angle to the surface, causing any variations to deflect light up into the camera\{\{nl\}\}-Nothing is seen by the vision system if there are no aberrations on the surface\{\{nl\}\}-dark background makes the organism glow & 1.Light source\{\{nl\}\} 2.Dark Field Patch Stop\{\{nl\}\} 3.Condenser Lens\{\{nl\}\} 4.Sample\{\{nl\}\} 5.Direct Illumination Block\{\{nl\}\} 6.Objective Lens\{\{nl\}\} 7.Eyes\{\{nl\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 38 (+ 17)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.204 cm} x{2.736 cm} x{2.66 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of Microscopes (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Phase-contrast} microscope & Enhances contrast in unstained cells by amplifying variations in refractive index within specimen\{\{nl\}\}-especially useful for examining living, unpigmented cells & 1.Light from source\{\{nl\}\} 2.Annular ring\{\{nl\}\} 3.Condenser\{\{nl\}\} 4.Specimen\{\{nl\}\} 5.Objective\{\{nl\}\} 6.Deflected Light\{\{nl\}\} 7.Phase Ring\{\{nl\}\} 8.Eye \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 12)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Fluorescent} microscope (UV light) & -Shows the location of specific molecules in the cell\{\{nl\}\}-Fluorescent substances absorb UV radiation and emit visible light\{\{nl\}\}-the fluorescing molecules may occur naturally in the specimen but more often are made by tagging the molecules of interest with fluorescent dyes or antibodies\{\{nl\}\}{\emph{Fluoresceins=Apple Green}}\{\{nl\}\}{\emph{Rhodamines=Orange red}} & 1.HBO lamp house\{\{nl\}\} 2.Excitation filter\{\{nl\}\} 3.Objective\{\{nl\}\} 4.Specimen\{\{nl\}\} 5.Dichroic beam splitter\{\{nl\}\} 6.Barrier Filter\{\{nl\}\} 7.Eyepiece \tn 
% Row Count 38 (+ 26)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.204 cm} x{2.736 cm} x{2.66 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of Microscopes (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Electron microscope & -Uses electrons to scan specimens to create and magnify images\{\{nl\}\}-Produces \seqsplit{clear/detailed} 3D images\{\{nl\}\}-Specimen has to be held in place\{\{nl\}\}-Unable to view living specimen\{\{nl\}\}-up to 50,0000x magnification & 1.Electron\{\{nl\}\} 2.Condenser\{\{nl\}\} 3.Specimen\{\{nl\}\} 4.Objective lens\{\{nl\}\} 5.First image\{\{nl\}\} 6.Final image\{\{nl\}\} 7.Fluorescent screen\{\{nl\}\} 8.Eye \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 16)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.64 cm} x{5.36 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bacterial Cell Structures}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Outer Layers}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{1. Glycocalyx (capsule,slime layer)} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
2. Cell Wall & {\emph{Gram Positive Cell Wall}}\{\{nl\}\}-Peptidoglycan\{\{nl\}\}-teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid\{\{nl\}\}{\emph{Gram Negative Cell Wall}}\{\{nl\}\}-Outer membrane\{\{nl\}\}-{}-LPS, Lipoprotein, Porin protein\{\{nl\}\}-Peptidoglycan\{\{nl\}\}-Periplasmic space \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 9)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Cell Membrane}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Phospholipid Bilayer & -fatty acids\{\{nl\}\}-glycerol \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Cytoplasm}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Chromatin} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Ribosomes} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Cell Shapes}}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Cocci & -Circles \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Bacilli & -Rods \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Spirilla & -Spirals \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.008 cm} x{2.016 cm} x{2.088 cm} x{2.088 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of Differential Stains}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{Stain Type}} & {\emph{Specific Dyes}} & {\emph{Purpose}} & {\emph{Outcome}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Gram Stain}} & Uses crystal violet, Gram's iodine, ethanol \seqsplit{(decolorizer)} and safranin & Used to \seqsplit{distinguish} cells by cell-wall type \seqsplit{(gram-positive}, \seqsplit{gram-negative)} & \seqsplit{Gram-positive} cells stain \seqsplit{purple/violet}. \seqsplit{Gram-negative} cells stain pink. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Acid-fast Stain}} & After staining with basic fuchsin, acid-fast bacteria resist \seqsplit{decolorization} by \seqsplit{acid-alcohol}. Non acid-fast bacteria are \seqsplit{counterstained} with methylene blue. & Used to \seqsplit{distinguish} acid-fast bacteria such as M. \seqsplit{tuberculosis}, from non-acid fast cells & Acid-fast bacteria are red; non-acid fast cells are blue. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 15)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Endospore Stain}} & Uses heat to stain endospores with malachite green, then cell is washed and \seqsplit{counterstained} with safranin & Used to \seqsplit{distinguish} organisms with endospores from those without; used to study the endospore. & Endospores appear \seqsplit{bluish-green;} other structures appear pink to red. \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 10)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.008 cm} x{2.016 cm} x{2.088 cm} x{2.088 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of Differential Stains (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Flagella Stain}} & Flagella are coated with tannic acid or potassium alum mordant, then stained using either \seqsplit{pararosaline} or basic fuchsin & Used to view and study flagella in bacteria that have them & Flagella are visible if present \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 11)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Capsule Stain}} & Negatie staining with India ink or nigrosin is used to stain the background, leaving a clear area of the cell and the capsule. \seqsplit{Counterstaining} can be used to stain the cell while leaving the capsule clear & Used to \seqsplit{distinguish} cells with capsules from those without & Capsules appear clear or as halos if present \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 19)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}