\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{Morghay123} \pdfinfo{ /Title (lecture-6-animals-arise-and-rejoice.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (Morghay123) /Subject (Lecture 6- Animals Arise and Rejoice Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{126905} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F7FAF7} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Lecture 6- Animals Arise and Rejoice Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Morghay123} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/53154/cs/14521/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Morghay123 \\ \uline{cheatography.com/morghay123} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 29th January, 2018.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponges are the Most Ancient Animals}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- No true symmetry} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- No true tissue} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Sessile ={\emph{filter feeders...dont actually move}}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Have differentiated cells} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Not tissue because cells don't work together doing just one function} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Individual Choanoflagellate = almost identical to the protists}}} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Some Features Common to Animals}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Chemoorganoheterotrophs}}: all animals obtain energy and carbon by ingesting other organisms} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Multicellular}}: All animals are multicellular} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{No cell walls}}: no animal cells contain cell walls} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Active Movement}}: Every sessile and sedentary animals possess active movement} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Embryonic Development}}: All animals have a developmental precursor (embryonic/larval...) stage} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Tissues}}: {\emph{all animals except sponges}} have differentiated tissues} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Sexual Reproduction}}: {\emph{most animals}} reproduce sexually} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cambrian Explosion}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Leading to the Cambrian Explosion}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Oxygen Levels \{\{nl\}\}-{}-\textgreater{} Slowly accumulating in atmosphere} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Predator/prey interactions\{\{nl\}\}-{}-\textgreater{} Force for evolution. Force for change\{\{nl\}\}-{}-\textgreater{} Only those with certain traits survive} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Changes in expression of {\emph{Master regulator genes}} that control the body plan of an embryo during development} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Hox Genes\{\{nl\}\}-{}-\textgreater{} Transcription Factors\{\{nl\}\}-{}-\textgreater{} When expressed, they will lead to the expression of tons of other genes\{\{nl\}\}-{}-{}-{}-\textgreater{} Lead to things like limbs} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 4) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Variation in Body-Plan}}} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Bilateral Symmetry} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{2. 3-tissue layers} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{3. Body Cavity} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Also, first predator/prey adaptations arose; caused an influx in evolution}}} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.73275 cm} x{1.24425 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Animals Evolved 700mya}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Unique parts of molecules to animals = chemical evidence 700mya} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{First animal fossils 560mya} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{1st Animal}}: Porifera (sponges) \{\{nl\}\}-{}-No true tissues & {\bf{Metazoa}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\emph{2nd Animals}}: Cnidarians & {\bf{Eumetazoa}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Specialized Tissue and Radial Symmetry Evolved}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{CNIDARIANS}}\{\{nl\}\}{\emph{Jellyfish}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2 Layers of Tissue \{\{nl\}\}{\emph{1. Ectoderm\{\{nl\}\}2. Endoderm}}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Have muscle and nervous tissue} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Endoderm: Gastrovascular cavity, No circulatory System} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Not a dense pack of cells} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Nidano cists -{}-\textgreater{} Stinging Cells} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Some are sessile\{\{nl\}\}-{}-{}-\textgreater{} Usual just floating, not moving towards anything} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Symmetry evolved (radial symmetry)} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Body Plan - Bilateral Symmetry}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Bilaterally symmetric organisms have left and right sides that are superficially mirror images of each other} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Evolution of the anterior end (head end)...Not same as bottom (feet)\{\{nl\}\}-{}-\textgreater{} advantage for predator because you can just go get it} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Three Germ Layers}}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Tissues are groups of cells that are similar and function} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Increased complexity \{\{nl\}\}-{}-\textgreater{} during embryonic development} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Ectoderm}}} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Outside of embryo\{\{nl\}\}- Sin and nervous system\{\{nl\}\}- Outer Brain\{\{nl\}\}- Cornea and lens of eye\{\{nl\}\}- Sensory receptors} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 3) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Mesoderm}}} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Skeletal System\{\{nl\}\}- Muscular System\{\{nl\}\}- Excretory System\{\{nl\}\}- Organs\{\{nl\}\}- Reproductive system (except germ cells)\{\{nl\}\}- Lining of Body Cavity} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 4) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Endoderm}}} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Epithelial lining of digestive tract\{\{nl\}\}- Liver\{\{nl\}\}- Epithelial lining of respiratory system\{\{nl\}\}- Glands} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arthropods-Most Successful Animal Group}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Most Successful}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Most number of animals} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Most diverse body please} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Jointed {\emph{exoskeleton}} (armor can move} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Jointed appendages} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Examples of Arthropods}}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Mosquito\{\{nl\}\}- Dragonfly\{\{nl\}\}- Scorpion\{\{nl\}\}- Lobster\{\{nl\}\}- Shrimp} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Others}}} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- most animals have the same body parts, just in different numbers, slightly different locations, and of different sizes} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 3) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Just different number of building blocks -{}-\textgreater{} master regulator genes trigger number of blocks per part}}} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 3) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- The key to different body types is changing where,if, and when {\emph{master regulator genes}} are expressed in the embryo} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 3) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{HOX GENES}}} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The changing of number of hox genes can be done in a lab.} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Body Plan - Body Cavity}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Acoelomates}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- The beginning of cephalization} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- 3 layers of solid tissue and a digestive tube} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Nervous system is starting} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Biletartians Increase Cephalization Levels}}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Radial= no cephalization\{\{nl\}\}-{}-\textgreater{} Equal distribution of nervous system} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Increase of Cephalization\{\{nl\}\}-{}-\textgreater{} Concentrations of nervous system to head} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Pseudpcoelomates}}} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Pseudo because no mesodurm on outside and inside\{\{nl\}\}-{}-\textgreater{} Body cavity is present for waste removal} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Increase in flexability and movement} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Hydrostatic Skeleton} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Coelomates}}} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{The coelom is lined on both sides by mesoderm derived tissue}}} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 2) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Allow organs to be independent of outside body\{\{nl\}\}-{}-\textgreater{} like the folds and movement of the intestines seperate from the skin} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 3) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Also have Segmentation (like worms)\{\{nl\}\}-{}-\textgreater{} vertebre, 6 pack...} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}