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\author{Morghay123}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (how-and-what-of-eukaryotes.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Morghay123)
  /Subject (How and What of Eukaryotes Cheat Sheet)
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{How and What of Eukaryotes Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Morghay123} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/53154/cs/14459/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Morghay123 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/morghay123} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 26th January, 2018.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Theory of Endosymbiosis}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{1. Endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear origins}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Ancestral Prokaryote}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- How nuclear envelope evolved with the ER that eventually lead to the endomembrane system.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- The folding of the membrane reached nucleus and surrounded it to create the ER} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{2. Presence of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Ancestral Heterotrophich Eukaryote}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Small cell gets eaten by big cell} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- All eukaryotic cells have mitochonria but not all have chloroplasts} \tn 
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% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Ancestral Photosynthetic Eukaryote}}} \tn 
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% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Evidence:\{\{nl\}\}- Inner membranes are similar to plasma membranes of prokaryotes\{\{nl\}\}- Division is similar in these organelles and some prokaryotes\{\{nl\}\}- DNA structure is similar to that of prokaryotes\{\{nl\}\}- These organelles transcribe and translate their own DNA} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 6)
% Row 10
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Placid -{}-\textgreater{} Cells like chloroplasts} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Multicellular Organization}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Bodies consists of hyphae}}: maximize surface area, aid in absorbtion} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Not all fungi have the above ground structure} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Fungi made up of whitish thin strands to maximize surface area} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Absorption}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Feed in a way no other organism does} \tn 
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% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Grow through the food they are going to eat and break down the organic molecules and then gets absorbed} \tn 
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% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{-{}-When that happens water follows by osmosis} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Advantages of Cells}}} \tn 
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% Row 8
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Water builds pressure which takes the nutrients to the tips of the cells which leads to fast growth} \tn 
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% Row 9
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Made of nutrition}}: Don't use CO2. Have to use organic molecules for carbon and energy} \tn 
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% Row 10
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Incomplete septum between cells allows for rapid growth}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Fungal cell walls include chitin - allows for structural stability} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Hyphae organize into mycelium}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Mycelium can be formed for the hyphae from a single organism or from multiple organism} \tn 
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% Row 14
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Largest organism is a fungi}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Special Points}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Protists kingdom no longer exists because they dont have all decendants in common. {\emph{not all protists are related to each other}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Protists are not monophyletic} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Prokaryote Fossil Record Changes}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{1st record dates back 1.8bya (fossils)} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Before fossils there was chemical evidence found {\emph{(lipids)}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mitochondrian Charts: How To}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Looks at the percent similarity of bacterial evolution} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Mitochondria from wheat was closest to the ribosomal RNA} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- the \# is the \% of the SAME genetic variation} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fungi}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Supergroups of fungi, protists, animals} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{ Choanoflagellates and Nucleariids are both protists}}} \tn 
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- Nucleariids most closely related to fungi & - Choanoflagellates most closely related to animals \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Complex multicellularity evolved} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Multisimularity Origins}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Some single-celled eukaryotes gave rise to multicellular forms, whose descendants include algea, plants, fungi, and animals} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Sexual reproduction evolved} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Simple Multicellular Organisms Contain}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Adhesion molecules that cause adjacent cells to stick together but there is little communication or transfer of resources between cells and little differentiation of specialized cell types} \tn 
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% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Most or all of the cells retain a full range of functions including reproduction} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Every cell is in contact with the external environment} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Complex multicellular organisms contain as many as a trillion or more cells that work in close coordination} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Complex multicellularity has evolved at least six times} \tn 
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% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Simple}}: colonies of bacteria. Each cell is almost exactly the same with no specialized function. Little common transfer of resources. Need to exchange with the external environment} \tn 
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% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Complexity}}: Independent functions working as one system developed specialization} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Vocabulary}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Monophyletic}}: a group that includes all of the descendants of a group that includes all of the descendants of a given common ancestor} \tn 
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% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Protists}}: still used as an informal name of the diverse group of mostly unicellular eukaryotes} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Early Eukaryote Qualities vs. Prokaryotes}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Early Eukaryotes were single celled for a long time}}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
Membrane Bound Nucleus & -Separates the location where DNA replication and transcription occurs\{\{nl\}\}-{}-More elaborate but less efficient\{\{nl\}\}- Mitochondria, chloroplasts and vesicles\{\{nl\}\}- All processes occur simultaneously \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cytoskeleton & - Shapes can be varied and changed\{\{nl\}\}- allows cells to "move"\{\{nl\}\}- Helped catch prey...survival \tn 
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Genome got more complex & - Segmented chromosome \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Larger Cell} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Endosymbiosis in Modern Cells}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Two cells together are better than one alone\{\{nl\}\}-{\emph{amoebas and x-bacteria (protists)}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{After testing in the lab, the ameba couldn't survive without the bacteria} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Simbiot}}:one organism living inside the other where they each depend on eachother} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Generalized Lifecycle of Fungi}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Propagate by using spores}}} \tn 
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{\bf{Asexual Reproduction}} & {\bf{Sexual reproduction}} \tn 
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1. Spores & 1. Plasmogamy \{\{nl\}\}{\emph{fusion of cytoplasm}} \tn 
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2. Germination & 2. Heterokaryotic stage \tn 
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3. Mycelium & 3. Karyogamy \{\{nl\}\}{\emph{fusion of nuclei}} \tn 
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 & 3.a. Zygote \tn 
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4. Spore-producing structures & 4. Meiosis \tn 
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5. Spores & 5. Spores \tn 
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 & 6. Germination \tn 
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 & 7. Mycelium \tn 
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 & 8. Plasmogamy \tn 
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% That's all folks
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