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\author{Moomooe}
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  /Title (comprehensive-assessment-helping-skills.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Moomooe)
  /Subject (Comprehensive Assessment: Helping Skills Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Comprehensive Assessment: Helping Skills Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Moomooe} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/165084/cs/34577/}}}
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  \vspace{-2pt}Moomooe \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 2nd January, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Model, Needs, Pitfalls, Supervision}}  \tn
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The helping skills model is a {\bf{three-stage model}} 1.{\emph{exploration}} involves helping the client examine his or her thoughts and feelings. 2.{\emph{insight}} helps clients understand the reasons for these thoughts and feelings. 3.{\emph{action}} involves the client making changes. & {\bf{Counselor needs:}} need to control, to be correct, to rescue, to be important, to feel and receive affection, create tension, make money \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{beginning counselor concerns: failure and pitfalls}} {\emph{Failure}}: premature termination could be due to small/large mistakes, poor fit, or a clients need to sabotage {\emph{Pitfalls}}: trying to do too much too soon, teaching instead of relating, being overly accommodating, attribuiting counseling problems to inexperience, assuming a counseling personality vs wearing them, ruminating vs evaluating} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{using supervision effectively}}: confidentiality(discuss limits), recognize your limits, educate clients about the helping process, focus on the clients needs, avoid harmful dual relationshipsdevelop appropriate boundaries, beware of your own values, ethical behavior related to culture, understand biases prejudices and areas of discomfort, act virtuous, self-care, respond fully, terminate appropriately, evaluate therapeutic effectiveness, counselors responsibility to self} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Model, Needs, Pitfalls, Supervision (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{best exploration tool for most clients is reflection of feelings. Emotional arousal seems necessary for change to occur and provides a strong awareness of feelings.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Positive Qualities and Obstacles}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{self-knowledge/awarenes (obstacle: {\emph{defenses}}), wholeheartedness({\emph{complacency}}), good psychological health({\emph{let client fulfill your needs}}), trustworthiness({\emph{distractions}}), honesty({\emph{need to be liked/stress-free}}), strength({\emph{need to be agreeable}}), active responsiveness({\emph{fear}}), warmth({\emph{intellectualized approach}}), patience({\emph{need to be successful}}), sensitivity({\emph{self-conscoiusness}}), holistic({\emph{insecurity/lack of humility}}) and cultural awareness({\emph{need to be expert/fear/etc}}), freeing({\emph{thinking you know whats best}})} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ABCDE Working Through Ethical Dilemmas}}  \tn
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{\bf{Assessment (A)}}: identify the situation, ethical and legal guidelines, client's resources, therapist's values, feelings, reactions & {\bf{Duty (D)}}: evaluate to whom a duty exists \tn 
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{\bf{Benefit (B)}}: what is likely to benefit the client, the therapy relationship, the client's loved ones & {\bf{Education(E)}}: review dealing w/ similar dilemmas \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Consequences \& Consultation (C)}}: evaluate the ethical, legal, emotional, and  therapeutic consequences of possible actions} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{the Hill Model}}  \tn
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{\bf{Focus of the model is to help clients}}: Explore their concerns, Come to a greater understanding of the problem, Make changes in their lives & {\bf{3 stages}}: exploration, insight, action *Exploration influenced by PCT(Rogers) \tn 
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{\bf{Person Centered Therapy}}: {\emph{conditions of worth (COWs)}} keeps clients from accessing/trusting their inner thoughts/feelings to guide behavior. & {\bf{Counselors should have}} facilitative attitude (being genuine, provide unconditional     positive regard, have empathy for clients) and manifest this using exploration skills. \tn 
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{\bf{Skills include}}: open/closed questions, immediacy, interpretation, restatement, reflection, disclosure & {\emph{Insight}} Influenced by psychodynamic and interpersonal theory (Freud, Bowlby,  Kohut) \tn 
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{\bf{chair work technique}} originates from Gestalt Theory and involves acting things out  rather than just talking. & {\emph{Two chair}}: conflict between two opposing sides {\emph{Empty chair}}: feelings towards another person that has not or cannot be expressed \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{the Hill Model (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Action}} steps are important to help clients consolidate change. Influenced by behavioral \& cognitive-behavioral theories (Bandura, Ellis, Beck, Skinner)} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Exploration}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Attending, listening, observing, which includes (Consider cultural norms; adaptation to style to fit client)}}: Eye contact, facial expressions, head nods, body posture, movements, touch, grammatical style, silence, encouragers, approval-reassurance} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Exploring thoughts and narratives, which includes}}: Open questions about thoughts, restatements of content, closed questions about thoughts, disclosure of similarities} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Encouraging expression \& experiencing of feelings, which includes}}: Reflection of feelings, disclosure of feelings, open questions about feelings, focusing} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Insight}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Challenges of Discrepancies}}: Signs of unresolved issues, ambivalence, or suppressed/repressed feelings. \seqsplit{Discrepancies/contradictions} may be between: 2 verbal  statements, words \& actions, words \&  nonverbals(sarcasm), 2 feelings or behaviors, values \&  behaviors, values \& feelings, ideal (false) self \& real  self, perception of self \& experience therapist \& client opinions.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Challenges of Thoughts}}: Goal is to help clients recognize faulty thinking and  change it. Challenging through chair work (Gestalt, empty chair or two chair)} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Facilitating Insight Immediacy}}: Question or probe that invites client to think about deeper meanings} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Interpretations}}: Direct statement that gives client new understanding, {\emph{Info for interpretations comes from}}: Client verbal statements, past experiences, interpersonal patterns, defenses, culturally  appropriately developmental stage, existential or spiritual issues, and unconscious sources.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Disclosure of Insight}}: Helper reveals an understanding s/he has learned about self and  uses it to facilitate client understanding of thoughts, feelings, behaviors, or issues} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Action Stage}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Choose Skills to Match Goals}}: Best tool for deep exploration is reflection of feelings,  If clients don't respond to reflections, alternate with open questions. Use restatements to focus or clarify, Use open questions and probes to maintain session's flow. Follow open questions with reflections/restatements to show understanding} \tn 
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The primary use of process advisement in the action stage is to use behavioral exercises such as role-playing & Direct guidance is often used during the action stage to promote change \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Six Basic Ethical Principles}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Autonomy}} (the right for the client to make decisions), {\bf{beneficence}} (preventing or removing harm), {\bf{nonmaleficence}} (do no harm, must weight risks and benefits), {\bf{justice}} (impartial/fair), {\bf{fidelity}} (loyalty/ faithfulness), and {\bf{veracity}} (honesty)} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Readiness for Change (Prochaska et al.)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance} \tn 
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{\bf{Precontemplation}}: Not yet acknowledging that there is a problem behavior that needs to be changed & {\bf{Contemplation}}: Acknowledging that there is a problem but not yet ready, sure of wanting, or lacks confidence to make a change \tn 
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{\bf{Preparation}}: Getting ready to change {\bf{Action}}: Changing the behavior & {\bf{Maintenance}} Maintaining the behavior change \tn 
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% That's all folks
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