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% Most of the following are not required for the majority
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% Document Info
\author{MNMO}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (sql-cheat-sheet-mohamed-ahmed.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (MNMO)
  /Subject (SQL\_Cheat\_Sheet\_Mohamed\_Ahmed Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{SQL\_Cheat\_Sheet\_Mohamed\_Ahmed Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{MNMO} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/135369/cs/28078/}}}
\end{tabulary}
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\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}MNMO \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/mnmo} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 24th January, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\end{multicols}}




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% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Data Base}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{CREATE DATABASE DatabaseName;} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Create Table:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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% Row 2
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% Row 4
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% Row 5
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% Row 6
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% Row 7
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% Row 8
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% Row 9
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% Row 10
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% Row 11
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% Row 12
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% Row 13
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% Row 14
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% Row 15
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% Row 16
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% Row 17
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% Row 18
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% Row 19
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% Row 11
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% Row 12
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% Row 13
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% Row 15
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% Row 18
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% Row 22
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% Row 23
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% Row 5
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% Row 6
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% Row 7
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% Row 8
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{LIKE | Wildcard}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{•	The percent sign (\%)} \tn 
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% Row 1
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% Row 2
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% Row 3
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% Row 1
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% Row 3
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% Row 4
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% Row 1
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{GROUP BY column1, column2} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{HAVING {[} conditions {]}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{ORDER BY column1, column2} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Distinct Keyword}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2,.....columnN} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{FROM table\_name} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{WHERE {[}condition{]}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{UNION | UNION ALL | INTERSECT | EXCEPT}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{The SQL UNION clause/operator is used to combine the results of two or more SELECT statements without returning any duplicate rows.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{To use this UNION clause, each SELECT statement must have}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{•	The same number of columns selected}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{•	The same number of column expressions}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{•	The same data type}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{•	Have them in the same order}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{SELECT column1 {[}, column2 {]}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{FROM table1 {[}, table2 {]} {[}WHERE condition{]}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{[}UNION | UNION ALL | INTERSECT | EXCEPT{]}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{SELECT column1 {[}, column2 {]}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{FROM table1 {[}, table2 {]} {[}WHERE condition{]}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Joins}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{There are different types of joins available in SQL:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{•	INNER JOIN: returns rows when there is a match in both tables.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{•	INNER JOIN: returns rows when there is a match in both tables.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{•	RIGHT JOIN: returns all rows from the right table, even if there are no matches in the left table.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{•	FULL JOIN: returns rows when there is a match in one of the tables.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{SELECT table1.column1, table2.column2... FROM table1} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{[}INNER JOIN | LEFT JOIN | RIGHT JOIN | FULL JOIN{]} table2} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{ON table1.common\_field = table2.common\_field;} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{•	SELF JOIN: is used to join a table to itself as if the table were two tables, temporarily renaming at least one table in the SQL statement.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{`SQL\textgreater{} SELECT`} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{`a.ID, b.NAME, a.SALARY`} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{`FROM CUSTOMERS a, CUSTOMERS b`} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{`WHERE a.SALARY \textless{} b.SALARY;`} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Alias}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{The basic syntax of a table alias}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{SELECT column1, column2.... FROM table\_name AS alias\_name WHERE {[}condition{]};} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{The basic syntax of a column alias}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{SELECT column\_name AS alias\_name FROM table\_name WHERE {[}condition{]};} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Indexes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{CREATE INDEX index\_name ON table\_name;} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Single-Column Indexes }}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{CREATE INDEX index\_name ON table\_name (column\_name);} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Unique Indexes}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index\_name on table\_name (column\_name);} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{DROP INDEX}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{DROP INDEX index\_name;} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{When should indexes be avoided? \newline The following guidelines indicate when the use of an index should be reconsidered. \newline •Indexes should not be used on small tables. \newline •Tables that have frequent, large batch updates or insert operations. \newline •Indexes should not be used on columns that contain a high number of NULL values. \newline •Columns that are frequently manipulated should not be indexed.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Using Views}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{which are a type of virtual tables allow}} \newline {\emph{users to do the following:}} \newline {\bf{• Structure data in a way that users or }} \newline {\bf{classes of users find natural or intuitive.}} \newline {\bf{• Restrict access to the data in such a way}} \newline {\bf{that a user can see and (sometimes) modify}} \newline {\bf{exactly what they need and no more.}} \newline {\bf{• Summarize data from various tables which}} \newline {\bf{can be used to generate reports.}} \newline {\bf{CREATE VIEW}} \newline CREATE VIEW view\_name AS \newline SELECT column1, column2..... \newline FROM table\_name \newline WHERE {[}condition{]}; \newline {\bf{Dropping Views}} \newline DROP VIEW view\_name;} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Transactions}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Transactions have the following four standard }} \newline {\bf{properties, usually referred to by the acronym ACID.}} \newline {\bf{• Atomicity: ensures that all operations within the work}} \newline {\bf{unit are completed successfully. Otherwise, the transaction}} \newline {\bf{is aborted at the point of failure and all the previous}} \newline {\bf{operations are rolled back to their former state.}} \newline {\bf{• Consistency: ensures that the database properly changes}} \newline {\bf{states upon a successfully committed transaction.}} \newline {\bf{• Isolation: enables transactions to operate independently }} \newline {\bf{of and transparent to each other.}} \newline {\bf{• Durability: ensures that the result or effect of a committed}} \newline {\bf{transaction persists in case of a system failure.}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Transaction Control}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{The following commands are used to control transactions.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{•	COMMIT: to save the changes.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{COMMIT;} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{•	ROLLBACK: to roll back the changes.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{ROLLBACK;} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{•	SAVEPOINT: creates points within the groups of transactions in which to ROLLBACK.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{SAVEPOINT SAVEPOINT\_NAME;} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT\_NAME;} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{•	SET TRANSACTION: Places a name on a transaction.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{SET TRANSACTION {[} READ WRITE | READ ONLY {]};} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{•	The RELEASE SAVEPOINT Command}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{RELEASE SAVEPOINT SAVEPOINT\_NAME;} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}