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\author{MJC3}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (inhalation-therapy.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (MJC3)
  /Subject (Inhalation Therapy Cheat Sheet)
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Inhalation Therapy Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{MJC3} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/212269/cs/46142/}}}
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\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}MJC3 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/mjc3} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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\columnbreak
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 18th April, 2025.\\
   Updated 17th April, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{4}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Benefits of Inhaled Drug Delivery}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Rapid onset, smaller doses → fewer side effects} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Bypasses first-pass metabolism} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Effective for poorly absorbed oral drugs} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Factors Influencing Deposition}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Factors Influencing Deposition} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Breath-holding} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Particle aerodynamic diameter} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Humidity \& formulation properties} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Spacer Devices}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Reduce throat deposition (down to 15\%} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Improve lung delivery (\textasciitilde{}20\%)} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Eliminate need for timing coordination} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Require cleaning; bulky} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{2.26578 cm} x{1.16722 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Formulation Notes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Drug particle:}} & \textasciitilde{}5 µm \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Carrier particle:}} & 30–60 µm \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Must balance adhesion (mixing) with desorption (release)} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.72792 cm} x{1.09188 cm} x{1.2132 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nebulizers}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{General Info:}} & Converts liquid into inhalable mist &  \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Used for large doses, severe attacks &  \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Suitable for children and elderly &  \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Inhaled during normal breathing &  \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Types of Nebulisers:}} & Jet: & Uses compressed air; most common \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Ultrasonic: & Vibrates crystal → liquid mist \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Mesh: & Liquid pushed through vibrating mesh → fine spray \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{Mesh Nebulizers offer finer droplets \& faster delivery} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{Formulation for Nebulizers \newline - Water-based; may include cosolvents, antioxidants \newline - pH \textasciitilde{}7+ preferred to avoid bronchoconstriction \newline - Usually 1–2.5 mL dose}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{0.99557 cm} x{2.43743 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Respiratory System Overview}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Air pathway:}} & Nasal cavity → pharynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Bronchi:}} & Cartilage rings, cilia for clearing particles \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Bronchioles:}} & \textless{}1 mm diameter; end in alveoli for gas exchange \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Correct MDI Technique}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{1.Shake well, prime if needed \newline 2.Exhale fully, seal lips around mouthpiece \newline 3.Inhale slowly \& press inhaler \newline 4.Hold breath for 10 seconds \newline 5.Rinse mouth afterward}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Breath-Activated Inhalers}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Release dose during inhalation {\bf{(e.g. Easi-Breathe, Autohaler)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Ideal for patients with coordination difficulties} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.85382 cm} x{1.57918 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of DPI Devices}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Single Dose (e.g., Cyclohaler):}} & Capsule pierced manually \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Multidose – Foil-based (Diskhaler, Accuhaler):}} & Blister packs \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Reservoir-based (Turbohaler, Easyhaler):}} & Multiple doses, drug stored inside \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.16722 cm} x{2.26578 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{New Technology}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Thermal Inhalers:}} & Thin film drug heated (\textasciitilde{}400°C), vaporized, and condensed into 1–3 µm particles \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Triggered by breath; compact and efficient} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.33887 cm} x{2.09413 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Barriers to Drug Delivery}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Mucociliary clearance:}} & removes particles \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Pathologies:}} & inflammation, obstruction, reduced elasticity \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Deposition affected by particle size and breathing pattern}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{0.99557 cm} x{2.43743 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Aerosol-Based Delivery}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Inhalations:}} & Vapors from volatile substances or hot water \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Examples:}} eucalyptus oil, propylhexedrine \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Vitrellae:}} & Crushed glass capsules releasing vapors \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Example:}} amyl nitrite for angina \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.06423 cm} x{2.36877 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Dry Powder Inhalers (DPIs)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Overview:}} & Breath-activated → no propellants needed \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Drug in dry powder form, usually with a carrier (e.g., lactose) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Requires deep, strong inhalation to disperse powder \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Advantages:}} & Larger doses possible \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & No need for coordination \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Disadvantages:}} & Performance depends on user's inspiratory effort \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Drug exposed to humidity \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Generally more expensive \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Proper DPI Technique \newline 1.Exhale away from inhaler \newline 2.Inhale quickly and deeply \newline 3.Hold breath 10 seconds \newline 4.Don't breathe into device (moisture clumps powder)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{2.16279 cm} x{1.27021 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Particle Deposition Mechanisms}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Inertial Impaction (\textgreater{}5 µm):}} & Upper airways \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Sedimentation (\textasciitilde{}1–5 µm):}} & \seqsplit{Bronchi/bronchioles} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Diffusion (\textless{}0.5–1 µm):}} & Alveoli or exhaled \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Ideal size for lung deposition: 1–5 µm}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.0299 cm} x{2.4031 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Metered Dose Inhalers (MDIs)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Features:}} & Pressurized canister delivers metered dose \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Propellants: HFA (replaced CFCs) \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Dose reliability decreases near empty \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Formulation:}} & Mostly suspensions due to poor solubility in propellants \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Evaporation affects particle size \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Advantages}} & Only 10–15\% of dose reaches lungs \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & High velocity = throat deposition (up to 80\%) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Requires coordination; poor compliance \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Disadvantages}} & Only 10–15\% of dose reaches lungs \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & High velocity = throat deposition (up to 80\%) \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Requires coordination; poor compliance \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key Info}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Particle size is key}} for targeting specific areas in the lungs. \newline {\bf{MDIs}} are common but inefficient unless paired with a {\bf{spacer.}} \newline {\bf{DPIs}} require strong inhalation—less suitable for some patients. \newline {\bf{Nebulisers}} are best for {\bf{high dose}} delivery in critical care or paediatric use. \newline {\bf{New tech}} like thermal inhalers offers promising advancement.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}